The significance of the joint declarations on freedom of expression

This article examines the ‘Joint Declarations on freedom of expression’ from a critical perspective. Since 1999, these Joint Declarations have been adopted annually by the four intergovernmental mechanisms on freedom of expression with the assistance of two non-governmental organisations. This article identifies the factors which contribute to the Joint Declarations’ value, with a specific focus on the collaborative process leading up to their adoption, their progressive content and their demonstrated influence upon courts and other actors. It also acknowledges the limitations of the texts, including their non-binding nature as soft law, their limited impact and lack of visibility. Notwithstanding these issues, this article contends that the Joint Declarations constitute a distinct and potentially influential body of international soft law on freedom of expression, one whose relevance to policy debates deserves broader recognition

A case report of methemoglobinemia in pregnancy

Methemoglobinemia is a rare form of functional anaemia which disrupts the ability to transport oxygen effectively by the haemoglobin leading to obstetrical as well as non-obstetrical complications. Our objective was to observe the antenatal, perinatal, and post-natal outcomes in women diagnosed with methemoglobinemia. A case report of two patients of methemoglobinemia admitted in a tertiary care centre of South Gujarat. The report displays a qualitative analysis of the diagnosis and management undertaken, providing a critical evaluation of their effectiveness and implications for future clinical practice. Methemoglobinemia, while uncommon, requires awareness for timely diagnosis and effective management. Congenital cases often go unnoticed until pregnancy, with methaemoglobin levels under 20% usually not necessitating treatment. Symptomatic individuals can benefit from methylene blue and hyperbaric oxygen therapies. Avoiding certain drugs and ensuring swift diagnosis, coupled with proper counselling, can lead to favourable pregnancy outcomes

Situating the EU human rights system in an international human rights context

Defence date: 16 July 2003Supervisor: Gráinne de BúrcaPDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 201

Discovery of Major Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes for Fresh Seed Dormancy in Groundnut

Spanish bunch groundnut varieties occupy most of the cultivated area in Asia and Africa, and these varieties lack required 2-3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy (FSD) hampering kernel quality. Genomic breeding can help to improve commercial groundnut cultivars for FSD in a shorter time with greater precision. In this regard, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from the cross ICGV 02266 (non-dormant) × ICGV 97045 (dormant) was developed and genotyped with a 5 K mid-density genotyping assay. A linkage map was constructed with 325 SNP loci spanning a total map length of 2335.3 cM and five major QTLs were identified on chromosomes Ah01, Ah11, Ah06, Ah16 and Ah17. Based on differential gene expression using transcriptomic information from dormant (Tifrunner) and non-dormant (ICGV 91114) genotypes, histone deacetylases, histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, cytochrome P450, protein kinases, and ethylene-responsive transcription factor were identified as key regulators involved in the hormonal regulation of dormancy. Six Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully validated in the diverse panel including selected RILs of the same population and germplasm lines. These validated KASP markers could facilitate faster breeding of new varieties with desired dormancy using marker-assisted early generation selection