25 research outputs found
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åããã飌æã®å¶éãã72æéåŸã®ç±çºçéã«ã¯ææãªå·®ã¯èªããããªãã£ãã,é£ç³è¡åé»æ¢åºã®äºé
žåççŽ çºçéã¯é£ç³è¡å蚱容åºã®å€ãããææã«é«ãã£ããé£ç³è¡åé»æ¢åºã®ã©ããã¯0.69ãšããRQ(åŒåžå)ã®å€ããå€æãããšé£ç³è¡å蚱容åºããã12æéæ©ã飢é€ç¶æ
ã«å°éããŠãããé£ç³è¡åé»æ¢åºã©ããã®äœèèªã¯é£ç³è¡å蚱容åºã®å€ãããææã«äœããã£ãããããã®çµæã¯,é£ç³è¡åã®é»æ¢ãäœèèªã®å©çšãä¿é²ããããšã瀺åããŠãããThis study aims to clarify the effect of coprophagy on heat production and body composition of fasting rats. Eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain rats were used to determine heat production under coprophagy -prevented and -allowed conditions. Twelve male SD strain rats were used to determine whole body chemical composition under coprophagy -prevented and -allowed conditions. Though heat production 72hrs from the starting point showed no significant difference, carbon dioxide generation in the coprophagy-prevented group was significantly higher than that in coprophagy-allowed group. Rats in the coprophagy-prevented group attained the fasting condition, which was indicated in the RQ value of 0.69, 12hrs earlier in comparison with coprophagy-allowed group rats. Ether extracts in the coprophagy-prevented rat body were significantly lower than that in the coprophagy-allowed rat. These results suggest that coprophagy prevention accelerates body fat utilization
ãŠãµã® ã ã»ã€ãšãã»ã€ãžã§ãŠ ã ãžã§ãŠã¬ã³ãŠã㊠ã ã¿ã€ã¹ã« CP ãªãšã TDN ã ãšã€ãã§ãŠ
ãŠãµã®ã®ç²Ÿæ¶²æ§ç¶ãšä¹é§è¡åã«å¯ŸããCP, TDNéã®åœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠä»¥äžã®2è©Šéšãè¡ã£ããè©Šéš1ã§ã¯,çŽ12ã«æ霢ã®æçéãŠãµã®8é ãäŸè©Šã,飌æäžã®CPãšTDNéã®å·®ã«é¢ããŠCP 12%,TDN 55%ãšCP 16%,TDN 65%ã®æ¯èŒã«ã€ããŠ2åã®è©Šéšãè¡ã£ããé«æž©ç°å¢äž(26.8±0.2â)ã§ã®ç¬¬1è©Šéšã§ã¯å¹³åäœéãäž¡åºå
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ã«ãã,å·®ã¯èªããããªãã£ããè©Šéš2ã§ã¯,çŽ12ã«æ霢ã®æçéãŠãµã®12é ãäŸè©Šã,CPãšTDNã®æåéã®åœ±é¿ãæ¯èŒãããCP 12%,TDN 55%ã®é£Œæãèªç±æåãšãã察ç
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šãŠã®åäœã§èªããã,æ¡å粟液ã¯äžè¬çãªæ§ç¶å€ã®ç¯å²ã«ãã,è©Šéšåºéã«ææå·®ã¯èªããããªãã£ããæ¬è©Šéšæ瞟ããå¢äœéã¯CPãšTDNã®æåéã®äœäžã§æžå°ããã,飌æäžã®CPããã³TDNéã¯é«æž©ç°å¢äžã®ä¹é§è¡åãé«ããããšã¯ã§ãã,ããã«ä»åè©Šã¿ãç¯å²ã§ã®é£Œæäžæ é€éã®å€åã§ã¯ç²Ÿæ¶²æ§ç¶ã«åœ±é¿ããªãããšã瀺åããããTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of CP and TDN levels in rabbit diets on mounting behavior and spermatogenesis. In experiment 1, 8 Japanese white rabbits (male), aged about 12 months, were used in evaluating CP (12 and 16%) and TDN (55 and 65%) in two trials. In the first trial under high environmental temperature (26.8±0.2â) conditions, both groups (the control group, CP 12-TDN 55%, and the experimental group, CP 16-TDN 65%) showed minus body weight gain. Mounting behavior was not observed, therefore semen could not be collected. In the second trial under adapted environmental temperatures (20.2±0.6â), mounting behavior was recognized in all rabbits without accident and semen was collected. Semen inspected was within the typical range of values for rabbits in the control and experimental groups. In experiment 2, 12 Japanese white rabbits (male), aged about 12 months, were used in evaluating CP and TDN intake. They were classified into two groups ; the control group was fed CP 12-TDN 55% diet ad libitum and the experimental group was fed the same diet restricted to 60% of the control. Less nutritional intake induced low body weight gain in the experimental group, while there was a slight change of body weight in the control group. Semen was collected from all animals and was within the typical range of values for rabbits with no significant difference. The present results suggest that body weight decreased with low CP and TDN intake and/or with the increase in environmental temperature ; that dietary levels of CP and TDN failed to increase mounting behavior in high environmental temperature conditions ; and that spermatogenesis is not affected by the dietary CP and TDN levels in this study
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é§ããŠé¢ä¿ããŠãããšæšå¯ããããThis study aimed to examine the role of the caecum in nutrition absorption during the different growth stages of rats. Four caecectomized rats and 6 sham-operating rats were used in this study. Feeding period was 16 weeks, which was divided into the growth stage (6-13 weeks old) and the maintenance stage (14-22 weeks old). Digestive tests using the total faeces collection method were conducted twice at 13weeks old and 22weeks old. In the present results, body weight gain showed no significant difference during the growth period. But caecectomy significantly reduced body weight gain during the maintenance period. Feed intake significantly increased with caecectomy during the growth period, but no significant difference was shown during the maintenance period. Feed efficiency was significantly reduced by caecectomy in both test periods, with the difference in the maintenance period relatively large. Feces amount significantly increased with caecectomy in both test periods. But there was no significant difference in the maintenance period. Digestibilities of CP, ADF, and energy were significantly reduced by caecectomy during the growth period, and significant differences appeared in ADF and energy digestibilities during the maintenance period. These results suggested that the caecum plays an important role as a fermentation site for digestive matter, and has an effect on nutrition digestibility. While the numerical differences for feed efficiency were the same when those of different growth stages were compared, relative differences for feed efficiency in the maintenance stage were larger than those in the growth stage. Therefore the caecum is related to the utilization of nutrition prior to their digestibility
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èŠæ§ãèªãããããIn order to study the effect of coprophagy prevention period on the growth of rats, growth test was carried out under the following four conditions : no-prevention of coprophagy as a control, 24hrs prevention of coprophagy, 12hrs prevention of coprophagy at daytime and nighttime with prevention cage. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley strain male rats, which were 4 weeks old, were used. The average of their initial body weight was about 98g. They were divided into groups, 6 rats in each 12hrs prevention group and control group respectively and 3 rats in 24hrs prevention group. They were fed for 28 days, in the air conditioning room, temperature 23±1â, and illumination was controlled with light and dark cycle for 12hrs. They could feed commercial feed and water ad libitum during the test period. In the results of body weight gain, 3 prevention groups showed significantly lower values than those from the control group. Among the 3 prevention groups, 24hrs prevention group showed a significantly lower value than those from the other 2 prevention groups. Feed intakes of 3 prevention groups were also significantly lower than from the control group, but there was no significant difference among 3 prevention groups. The results of feed conversion showed a similar tendency to the results of gain. Total fecal amounts showed a similar tendency to the results of feed intake and it seemed that the total feces relates to the feed intake. Hydrous feces amount and its ratio to the total fecal amount showed that the large amount of hydrous feces collected by coprophagy prevention decreased the gain of rats. Therefore it seemed that the nighttime prevention, in which coprophagy was active, affects the growth. From the above-mentioned results, the ingestion of hydrous feces was important to supply nutrition. The small amount nutrition in the hydrous feces was examined by the total feces collection method in old days, and more study needs to be done on this aspect in future work
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§åºã«æ¯ã¹ãŠææ(P<0.05)ã«äœããªã£ããæ¬è©Šéšæ瞟ã«ãããŠäœæž©ç°å¢ã¯é£Œææåéãé«ããã,å¢äœéãé«ãã,é©åºŠãªæ©è¡éåã¯ãã®æ¶è²»ãšãã«ã®ãŒã飌æäžã®ç²èèªã«ç±æ¥ããŠããããšã瀺åãããThe present study aimed to examine the effects of walking exercise on the body fat deposition of rats fed under low environmental temperature. Twenty-five male rats, aged 3 weeks, were used. They were given commercial feed. The 19 rats at 18±2â were divided into three experimental groups as follows : a supplementary group (7 rats) as a donor of start point ; free-moving control group (6 rats) ; and a walking exercise (14m/min.) group (6 rats). The effects of environmental temperature on body weight gain and body composition were then examined comparing the free-moving groups in the 18±2â and the 24±2â rooms. The 6 rats in the walking exercise group were trained to walk for a short period per day for 7 days. Walking exercise was conducted for 3 hours every day using a walking motor wheel : rats in the control group had their feed removed for 3 hours. At the start of the experiment, the rats in the supplementary group were killed with diethyl ether while the other rats were killed similarly at the end of the experiment (4 weeks later). Chemical composition of the whole body was analyzed, then compared with those of other groups. A comparison of environmental temperature showed no significant difference in body weight gain, but total feed intake for 4 weeks in the 18±2â group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the 24±2â group. Furthermore, feed efficiency and accumulated ratio of crude protein in the 18±2â group were significantly (P<0.05) smaller than those of 24±2â group. Walking exercise in a 18±2â room temperature significantly (P<0.05) reduced feed intake and feed efficiency. Furthermore, in the results showing the accumulated ratio of chemical composition from feed, the values for ether extracts and calorie in the exercise group were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the freree-moving control group. The present result suggests that the low environmental temperature increased feed intake, but it did not affect body weight gain. This indicates that appropriate walking exercise under low environmental temperature may be using energy derived from fat
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ã®16ã®æš¹çš®ãçšããŠ,ã«ãã§ããªã¢æ¹åŒã§èª¿æ»ããããã®çµæ,ãã»ã¢ã«ã·ã¢,ã€ãã·ã,ã³ãã©ã®é ã«å奜æ§ã¯é«ã,éã«,ã€ãã§ãŠ,ãã,ããã,ã¹ã®ã®é ã«å奜æ§ã¯äœãã£ãããã®çµæã¯,äžè¬çãªæ£®æã«æ£²æ¯ããã ãµãµãã®é£æ§èª¿æ»ã®ããŒã¿ãšåæ§ã®åŸåãšèãããããIn Japan young, juvenile and wounded adult of the Japanese giant flying squirrel Petaurista leucogenys are frequently found and brought to animal rescue facilities. Feeding techniques of these animals, however, have not been established. With the aim of establishing feeding techniques of P.l., management status of P.l. and other sciurid species (Sciurus lis, Sciurus vulgaris and Pteromys momonga and Pteromys volans) the situation in 38 zoos in Japan was investigated through questionnaire which included 1) feeding conditions, 2) breeding status, 3) hygenic status, and 4) food. Both species, S.l. and S.v. were often fed in groups. Feeding of P.l. were mainly of those rescued from harm and left in the wild, while S.l. and S.v. were mainly those fed in captivity. Two cases of breeding in were recorded in P.l. An animal bred only once during 13 years in captivity. On the other hand, S.l. and S.v. tended to breed more regularly, once or twice a year. Main feed for P.l. was tree leaves. Fruits, rootcrops and green vegetables were among major food. Major food for S.l., S.v. and P.m. and P.v. were in the order of fruits, animal origin food, seeds and nuts. Feed for P.l. contained much dietary fiber, while food for S.l. and S.v. contained more lipid and protein. Parasites were not many in any species. Mortality in P.l. mostly came from pneumonia, while major causes in other squirrels were injury-induced. In order to examine food preference of P.l., leaves of 16 tree species were given. Preference was in the order of Robunia pseudoacacia, Carpinus tschonoskii and Quercus serrata. Least preferred foods were in the order of Ginkgo biloba, Pinus densifroa, Camellia japonica. Results of food preference test coincide with food habit of P.l. in the wild
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åããã1é±éåä¹³ãæä¹³ãããåŸ,æ¯çããåé¢ããŠåžè²©ä»£çšä¹³(500g/2L)ã1æ¥åœãã2å絊äžãããè©Šéšåºã®ä»£çšä¹³ã«ã¯0.1gã®L-ã«ã«ããã³ãæ·»å ããã人工åºä¹³ã1ã«æéè¡ã,ãã®æéçµäºåŸé¢ä¹³ããããäœé枬å®ãšäœå°º(èžå²,äœé·,èžæ·±,ååéšé«)ã¯æéäžæ¯é±è¡ã£ããåé
ç®ã«ãããŠéå§æã®åæå€ã«å¯Ÿãã䌞匵çãç®åºã,æ¯èŒãããè©Šéšåºã®å¢äœéãšèžå²ã®äŒžåŒµçã¯å€§ãããªãåŸåã瀺ããã,ãããã®é
ç®ã§ãææãªå·®ã¯èªããããªãã£ããæ¬è©Šéšã§ã¯äŸè©Šé æ°ãå°ãªãã£ãã,L-ã«ã«ããã³ã代çšä¹³ã«æ·»å 絊äžããããšã¯åçã®çºè²ãé«ããäºã瀺åããããThe present experiment aimed to estimate the effect of dietary supplementation of L-carnitine to calves on their growth performance. L-carnitine plays a role in the shuttling process of long-chain fatty acids into a mitochondrial matrix that eventually promotes lipid catabolism to produce ATP. Immature animals cannot synthesize it by themselves and depend on milk for the intake of L-carnitine. Six Japanese Black cattle calves were used in this study. The animals were randomly classified into two groups of 3 calves each, a normal control group and an L-carnitine supplemented experimental group. After one week of drinking colostrum, they were separated from their dam and artificially given 500g/2L commercial milk replacer twice a day. The milk in the experimental group contained additional 0.1g L-carnitine. Artificial nursing was conducted for 1 month and the animals were weaned after this period. Determination of body weight and body measurement (withers height, body length, chest depth, chest girth, and height at hip cross) was conducted every week. Enlargement percentage was calculated for the initial size for each calf at the starting point. Although body weight gain and enlargement of chest girth in the experimental group showed a tendency for improved growth performance, there was no significant difference in any factor. The number of animals used in this study may be somewhat small, but the present results suggest that L-carnitine supplementation to the milk replacer supported the growth performance of calves
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æ±äº¬èŸ²æ¥å€§åŠå¯å£«èŸ²å Žã§ã¯,æå62幎以é,家çã®é£Œé€ç®¡çæ¹åŒã®æ¹åã«ã€ãšããŠãããæ¬èª¿æ»ã§ã¯,æå62幎ããå¹³æ18幎ãŸã§ã®éã«æ¬èŸ²å Žã«ãããŠç¹é€ããŠããé»æ¯åçš®ç¹æ®ç延ã¹400é ã«ãããååš©åŸåå人工æ粟æ¥æ°,人工æ粟åæ°,åèçããã³ç©ºèæ¥æ°ã«ã€ããŠé£Œé€ç®¡çæ¹åŒã®å€é·ãšäœµããŠè§£æããããã®çµæ,åèçã¯èªç¶åºä¹³æã®44.8%ã«å¯Ÿãæ©ææ¯ååé¢éå§ä»¥éã§ã¯50.6%ãšé«ãåŸåã瀺ããã空èæ¥æ°ã¯è飌æã«120.3±90.6æ¥ã§ãã£ãã,æŸç§éå§ä»¥éã¯90.0±72.3æ¥ãšçŽ30æ¥çšåºŠççž®ã,ææãªå·®(P<0.05)ãèªããããããŸã,æ©ææ¯ååé¢ãšã®é¢ä¿ã§ã¯,èªç¶åºä¹³æã®125.1±94.8æ¥ã«å¯Ÿã,æ©ææ¯ååé¢éå§ä»¥éã¯88.1±62.0æ¥ãšçŽ37æ¥ççž®ããŠãã,ææãªå·®(P<0.05)ãèªããããããã®ããšãã,æå62幎ããå¹³æ13幎ãŸã§ã¯è飌䞻äœã§ååãªéåã¯è¡ããŠããªããšèããã,å¹³æ13幎以éã®æ¯ååé¢ææã®æ©æåãšæŸç§å°é¢ç©ã®æ¡å€§ã,åèçåäžãšç©ºèæ¥æ°ççž®ã«è¯å¥œãªåœ±é¿ãåãŒãããšèãããããResearch has been carried out on how to improve feeding methods for domestic animals since 1987 at Fuji farm, Tokyo University of Agriculture. In this investigation, the days consumed for the first postpartum artificial insemination, the number of artificial inseminations, the conception rate, and the relation of days of the non-pregnancy in a total of 400 Japanese Black cows fed between 1987 to 2006 were analyzed along with the transition of feeding method. Conception rates were 50.6% with the early cow separation and it was higher than that (44.8%) of natural nursing period. Days of non-pregnancy during raising time in the cattle shed were 120.3±90.6, though it was 90.0±72.3 days after the start of pasturing, approximately 30 days shorter, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Natural nursing period was 125.1±94.8, and it was 88.1±62.0 days after the start of early cow separation, approximately 37 days shorter with a significant difference (P<0.05). As a result, we thought that feeding in the livestock barn between 1987 to 2001, in which cows were not able to move around adequately and that making the cow separation time earlier from 2001 and the expansion of the pasture area had exerted an excellent influence on conception rate improvement and the shortening of non-pregnancy days
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§åºããã¯æ®éç³ã,é£ç³è¡åé»æ¢åºããã¯å«æ°Žç³ãæ¡åã,ããããã®ç³ã®åŸ®çç©æ°ã枬å®ãããæ®éç³ã§ã¯å«æ°Žç³ã«æ¯ã¹StaphylococciãšVeillonellaeãå€ã,StreptococciãšBacteroidaceaeãå°ãªãããšãæãããšãªã£ããæ®éç³ãšå«æ°Žç³ã§åŸ®çç©å¢ãç°ãªãããšã¯,å«æ°Žç³ã«å«ãŸãããã¿ãã³é¡ã®åæãæ¶è²»ã«é¢ãããã®ãšèãããããHydrous feces were ingested by rats in coprophagous behavior. Twelve healthy male Sprague-Dawley strain rats (3 weeks old) were divided into a control group (coprophagy-allowed) of 6 rats and a coprophagy-prevented group of 6 rats. The usual feces from the control group and the hydrous feces from the coprophagy-prevented group were collected during 4 weeks of the experimental period. The viable number of microorganisms in the feces was estimated. The numbers of Staphylococci and Veillonellae, in the usual feces were higher than those of the hydrous feces. Furthermore, the numbers of Streptococci and Bacteroidaceae in the usual feces were lower than those of the hydrous feces. The differences of microflora between the usual feces and hydrous feces seemed to relate to the synthesis and consumption of vitamins in hydrous feces
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æ¬è©Šéšã¯ãã«ã¹ã¿ã€ã³çš®ä¹³çã®åä¹³ããã³ä¹³äžL-ã«ã«ããã³å«éã®å£ç¯å€åã«ã€ããŠæ€èšããããšãç®çãšãããL-ã«ã«ããã³ã®åæã«äŸããä¹³æ±ã®æŸä¹³ã¯ååš©åŸ2æ¥,6æ¥ããã³30æ¥ãšãããä¹³çã®åä¹³æ¿ããæ³ä¹³ãããä¹³æ±æåã¯ç°ãªãããšãç¥ãããŠããã,æ¬è©Šéšã§ã¯åä¹³ãšããŠåŠçããããååš©åŸã®L-ã«ã«ããã³å€ã®çµæçãªå€åã¯,åä¹³ã§æãé«ã,åŸã
ã«çä¹³äžã®æãäœãå€ãŸã§äœäžããŠãã£ããååš©åŸåæ¥ã®ä¹³æ±äžL-ã«ã«ããã³å«éã®å£ç¯å€åã¯,åæŸä¹³æ¥ã§ç¹ç°ãªå€åã瀺ãããåä¹³äžã®å£ç¯å€åã¯åå€ã«ç·©ããã«äžæã,ååš©åŸ6æ¥ã®L-ã«ã«ããã³å«éã¯ç§ã«æ¥æ¿ã«äžæãããçä¹³ã®L-ã«ã«ããã³å«éã¯å®å®ããŠããããã®ãããªæ³ä¹³ã¹ããŒãžã«ãããå€åã®éãã¯,æç±ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®éãã瀺ããã®ãšèãããããIn this study, we observed the seasonal variations in L-carnitine levels in the colostrum and milk of Holstein strain cows. Milking for L-carnitine analysis was conducted on days 2, 6, and 30 after calving. Because milk composition varies with each cow udder, mixed milk from each cow was prepared for this study. In the chronological variations of L-carnitine values after calving, the highest values were recognized in the colostrum and decreased to their lowest levels in milk. The seasonal variations in L-carnitine levels for each day after calving showed specific patterns, respectively. The L-carnitine level in colostrum increased mildly at the start of summer, and on day 6 after calving at the start of autumn, it increased suddenly. The L-carnitine level in milk remained stable. Differences in these variations in L-carnitine levels during the lactation stage appear to indicate differences in heat stress damage