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    λͺ©μ κ³Ό κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ΅­μ œλŒ€ν•™μ› κ΅­μ œν•™κ³Ό(ν•œκ΅­ν•™μ „κ³΅), 2021. 2. λ°•νƒœκ· .On April 22nd, 1981, the South Korean government first asked Japan to support 10 billion dollars for five years as Security-Economic Cooperation for security reasons to respond to the threat from North Korea. Several months later, South Korea officially requested 6 billion dollars from Japan for public aid as the 5th Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan with having the ostensible reason, "security". Though the request by the South Korean government first focused on "security," it was finalized for an "economic support" purpose. The suspicion was raised from the following two aspects: the request primarily focused on the military purpose, and with the relationship between South Korea and Japan back in the 1980s, an astronomical amount of loan was requested. According to this background, this research attempted to analyze the strategic implications of the South Korean government over the Security-Economic Cooperation between South Korea and Japan in the 1980s with a broad perspective including economic aspects by studying empirical data, such as memoirs of key figures, primary data on economic policy, and newspaper articles. First, the research suggested that South Korea's request for 10 billion dollars mainly focused on its security goals. President Chun Doo-Hwan, the initiative of a 10 billion dollar request, intended South Korea to improve its defense capacity in response to North Korea's military strength enhancement. In addition, Chun's 10 billion dollar Security-economic Cooperation initiative included psychological variables from Japan's economic gain from the special demand caused by the Korean War. Because of the authoritarianism from military-born government officials and the consent from the US to support on Japan-Korea Security-Economic Cooperation, it was possible for Chun to ask for a large amount of aid for security reasons at the time. Second, although the negotiation between the two countries had been focused on using the fund from Japan entirely for social development as part of the Five-Year Plan, South Korea was persistent with their initial purpose to apply the fund for its security project until the settlement had been made. Despite the original demand for the funds had denied and the negotiation only focused on social development, the South Korean government did not give up and emphasized the flexibility they should have in the use of funds endlessly to introduce funds for the security plan. As some argue, having the ostensible reason, "security", in the beginning, made it possible to achieve a large amount of loan. In addition, it could be argued that proposing the Five-Year Plan also played a role in obtaining security funds after all. Third, the study showed that the funds resulted in refusing the plan of the Chun Doo-Hwan regime. The funds were proposed for achieving social development, not for security or economic achievement. The principles of the 4 billion dollar fund introduction were agreed between the two countries to regulate towards the Five-Year Plan or purchase of equipment from Japan. This shows the fund was introduced for economic and social development projects. Fourth, the study concluded that the South Korean government achieved positive economic results through economic cooperation with Japan in spite of the settlement with Japan. The study argues that the large loan from Japan with an average interest rate of 6% was a great achievement because experiencing the phenomenon of high international interest rates and significant creditability loss from other countries, South Korea's economic plan to gain large and quality loans was threatened at the time. In other words, having the ostensible reason, "security" played a big role for South Korea to overcome the difficulties in negotiating with foreign countries with the international economic environment that South Korea was facing at the time and achieved to obtain a large amount of public loan needed for its economic plan. To evaluate South Korea's strategic implications, it is significantly important to discuss South Korea's strategy of having the ostensible reason, "security".1981λ…„ 4μ›” 22일 ν•œκ΅­μ •λΆ€λŠ” λΆν•œμœ„ν˜‘μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ•ˆλ³΄μƒμ˜ 이유둜 μΌλ³Έμ—κ²Œ 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ„ 5λ…„κ°„ 지원해쀄 것을 μš”μ²­ν–ˆλ‹€. μΆ”ν›„ ν•œκ΅­μ€ μ•ˆλ³΄λͺ…λͺ©μ„ 근거둜 제5μ°¨ κ²½μ œμ‚¬νšŒλ°œμ „ 5κ°œλ…„κ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•œ 곡적원쑰λ₯Ό κ³΅μ‹μš”μ²­ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘λœ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ λŒ€μΌκ²½ν˜‘ μš”μ²­μ€ κ²°κ΅­ μ•ˆλ³΄ λͺ…λͺ©μ΄ μƒμ‹€λ˜κ³  5κ°œλ…„κ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•œ 경제적 μ§€μ›ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ²΄κ²°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ΄ μ œμ‹œν•œ μ•ˆλ³΄ λͺ…λͺ©μ˜ κ±°μ•‘μ°¨κ΄€ μš”μ²­μ€ μ•ˆλ³΄μƒμ˜ μ΄μœ λΌλŠ” ꡰ사적 λͺ©μ μ˜ 색채와 μ²œλ¬Έν•™μ μΈ κΈˆμ•‘ μš”μ²­μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ λ‹Ήμ‹œ ν•œμΌκ΄€κ³„μ— μžˆμ–΄ μ˜κ΅¬μ‹¬μ΄ μ œκΈ°λ˜λŠ” μš”μ²­μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°°κ²½μ—μ„œ λ³Έκ³ λŠ” μ£Όμš”μΈλ¬Όλ“€μ˜ 회고둝 및 κ²½μ œμ •μ±…μ˜ 1차자료, 신문기사 λ“±μ˜ 싀증적 자료λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 80λ…„λŒ€ ν•œμΌ κ°„ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό ν•œκ΅­μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ „λž΅μ  μ˜λ―Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 경제 츑면을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 보닀 κ±°μ‹œμ  μ‹œκ°μœΌλ‘œ 뢄석을 μ‹œλ„ν–ˆλ‹€. 특히 λ³Έκ³ λŠ” μ „λ‘ν™˜ μ •κΆŒμ΄ 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ„ μ™œ κ΅¬μƒν•˜μ˜€κ³ , κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν˜‘μžκΈˆμ„ 어디에 λ„μž…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”μ§€, λ˜ν•œ 결과적으둜 ν•œκ΅­μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ„ 톡해 무엇을 λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, κ·Έκ²ƒμ—λŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λΌλŠ” 초점으둜 μ—°κ΅¬μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 첫째, ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ λŒ€μΌκ²½ν˜‘μ˜ ꡬ상은 μ•ˆλ³΄μ  λͺ©μ μ΄ 쀑심이 λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ΅¬μƒμžμΈ μ „λ‘ν™˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜ 근본적인 κ΅¬μƒμš”μΈμ€ λΆν•œμ˜ κ΅°λ ₯증강에 λŒ€μ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ κ΅­λ°©λ ₯ κ°•ν™”λΌλŠ” μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ μ•ˆλ³΄μ  λͺ©μ μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ „ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜ 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘ ꡬ상은 κ³Όκ±° ν•œκ΅­μ „μŸμ—μ„œ 일본이 경제적 이읡을 μ–»μ–΄λ‚Έ μ „μŸνŠΉμˆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 심리적 λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ μž‘μš©ν•œ 것이며, λ™μ‹œμ— κ΄€λ£Œλ‚˜ 외ꡐ관 μΆœμ‹ μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ κ΅°μΆœμ‹ μ˜ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜ μ •κΆŒμ˜ 일 처리 방식과, 미ꡭ의 λŒ€μΌ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μš”μ²­μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν˜‘μ‘°μ˜μ§€μ— 따라 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, ν•œκ΅­μ€ μ–‘κ΅­μ˜ ꡐ섭과정을 톡해 λŒ€μΌμ°¨κ΄€μ„ μ•ˆλ³΄μ  사업에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ 5κ°œλ…„κ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•œ 순수히 μ‚¬νšŒλ°œμ „ 자금으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” ν‘œλ©΄μ  μ˜μ‚¬μ™€λŠ” 달리, 타결 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ‹œκΈ°μ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ•ˆλ³΄μ  사업에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  것을 μ˜λ„ν–ˆλ‹€. κ΅μ„­κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ•ˆλ³΄λͺ…λͺ©μ΄ μƒμ‹€λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 자금 μ‚¬μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ μ—°μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μžκΈˆμ„ μ•ˆλ³΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  것을 끝가지 ν¬κΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ•ˆλ³΄λͺ…λͺ©μ΄ 거앑차관을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 반면, 5κ°œλ…„κ³„νšμ΄λΌλŠ” λͺ…λͺ© λ˜ν•œ μ•ˆλ³΄λΉ„μš©μ„ ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ‹€μ œ μžκΈˆλ„μž… κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ „λ‘ν™˜ μ •κΆŒμ˜ κ³„νšμ„ κ±°λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 결과적으둜 μ•ˆλ³΄μ  달성도 경제적 달성도 μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬νšŒλ°œμ „μ  λ‹¬μ„±μ˜ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ κ°•ν–ˆλ‹€. μ–‘κ΅­ 간에 ν•©μ˜λœ 40μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ›μΉ™μ€ 5κ°œλ…„κ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•œ μžκΈˆμ΄κ±°λ‚˜ μΌλ³ΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ κΈ°μžμž¬κ΅¬μž…μ„ κ·œμ •ν•˜μ—¬ 결과적으둜 λ„μž…λœ λ‚΄μš©μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ κ²½μ œμ‚¬νšŒλ°œμ „ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ„·μ§Έ, κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  ν•œκ΅­μ€ λŒ€μΌκ²½ν˜‘μ„ 톡해 경제적 μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹Ήμ‹œ ν•œκ΅­μ΄ κ²½μ œμ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄μ„Έμš΄ μ–‘μ§ˆμ˜ κ±°μ•‘μ°¨κ΄€ μ†Œμš”μ™Έμž κ³„νšμ€ ꡭ제고금리 ν˜„μƒ 및 λŒ€μ™Έμ‹ μΈλ„ ν•˜λ½μ— 따라 μœ„ν˜‘λ°›μ•˜μœΌλ©°, ν•œκ΅­μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄ ν‰κ· κΈˆλ¦¬ 6%의 κ±°μ•‘ λŒ€μΌμ°¨κ΄€μ€ ν•œκ΅­ κ²½μ œμ •μ±…μ„ μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜λŠ”λ° 큰 μ„±κ³Όμ˜€λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 즉 μ•ˆλ³΄ λͺ…λͺ©μ˜ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹œ ꡭ제경제 ν™˜κ²½ μ†μ—μ„œμ˜ λŒ€μ™Έκ±°λž˜μ  어렀움을 κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κ³  ν•œκ΅­μ •λΆ€μ˜ κ²½μ œμ •μ±…μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν–ˆλ˜ κ±°μ•‘ 곡곡차관 확보λ₯Ό 달성할 수 μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λ‹¨μ  역할이 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ•ˆλ³΄ λͺ…λͺ©μ€ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ „λž΅μ  의미λ₯Ό 평가할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 쟁점이 λœλ‹€.제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 연ꡬ배경 및 λͺ©μ  1 제 2 절 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  6 1. 80λ…„λŒ€ ν•œμΌ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ˜ 기원과 λͺ©μ μ„ 닀룬 연ꡬ 7 2. 80λ…„λŒ€ ν•œμΌ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ΄ κ°–λŠ” 의미λ₯Ό 닀룬 연ꡬ 9 제 3 절 연ꡬ방법 및 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ ꡬ성 13 제 2 μž₯ 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘ μš”μ²­μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²€ν†  15 제 1 절 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘ μš”μ²­μ˜ λͺ¨μˆœμ„± 16 1. ν‰ν™”ν—Œλ²•μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 일본과의 μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯의 λΉ„ν˜„μ‹€μ„± 16 2. 일본의 λŒ€λΆμ •μ±… μ†μ˜ ν•œμΌ μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯의 μ‹€ν˜„ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯μ„± 20 3. 경제적 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘ 문제 21 제 2 절 80λ…„λŒ€ 초 ν•œκ΅­μ˜ κ²½μ œμ •μ±… 22 1. 70λ…„λŒ€ 고도성μž₯의 μž”μž¬μ™€ κ²½μ œμœ„κΈ° 22 2. 제5μ°¨ κ²½μ œμ‚¬νšŒλ°œμ „ 5κ°œλ…„κ³„νš 28 제 3 μž₯ 1980λ…„λŒ€ ν•œμΌ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ˜ μ „κ°œμ™€ 성사 31 제 1 절 μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘ λ…Όμ˜μ˜ μ‹œμž‘κ³Ό μ „λ‘ν™˜μ˜ 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 상정배경 31 1. μ „λ‘ν™˜-레이건 μ •μƒνšŒλ‹΄ 32 2. 이토외상 λ°©ν•œ 36 3. μ „λ‘ν™˜μ˜ 100μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ μƒμ •μš”μΈ 39 제 2 절 81λ…„ μŠ€μ¦ˆν‚€ 내각 ν˜‘μƒ μ‹œκΈ° 46 1. λ…Έμ‹ μ˜- μŠ€λ…Έλ²  100μ–΅λ‹¬λŸ¬ 비곡식 μš”μ²­ 47 2. ν•œμΌ μ™ΈμƒνšŒλ‹΄κ³Ό 60μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ³΅μ‹μš”μ²­ 49 3. 제11μ°¨ ν•œμΌ μ •κΈ°κ°λ£ŒνšŒλ‹΄ 56 제 3 절 82λ…„ μŠ€μ¦ˆν‚€ 내각 ν˜‘μƒ μ‹œκΈ° κ²½ν˜‘λ°©μ‹ ꡐ섭과정 65 1. 제1μ°¨ ν•œμΌ μ‹€λ¬΄μžν˜‘μ˜ 66 2. 제2μ°¨ ν•œμΌ μ‹€λ¬΄μžν˜‘μ˜ 69 3. μ΅œλ™μ§„-무라였까 λ©΄λ‹΄κ³Ό 일본의 κ²½ν˜‘λ°©μ‹ μ œμ•ˆ 70 4. κ²½ν˜‘κ·œλͺ¨λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό μ–‘κ΅­ κ°ˆλ“± 72 제 4 절 제5μ°¨ κ²½μ œμ‚¬νšŒλ°œμ „ 5κ°œλ…„κ³„νš μ—°κ³„κ²½λ‘œμ™€ μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ˜ 경제적 λͺ©μ μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜ 80 1. 제5μ°¨ κ²½μ œμ‚¬νšŒλ°œμ „ 5κ°œλ…„κ³„νš μ™Έμžμ†Œμš”μ˜ 의미 80 2. μ–‘μ§ˆ μ°¨κ΄€μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±κ³Ό 80λ…„λŒ€ 초 ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ™Έμžλ„μž… 상황 89 3. μ•ˆλ³΄κ²½ν˜‘μ˜ 경제적 λͺ©μ  96 제 5 절 λ‚˜μΉ΄μ†Œλ„€ 내각 ν˜‘μƒ μ‹œκΈ°μ™€ λŒ€μΌκ²½ν˜‘μ˜ μ‹€μ œλͺ©μ  101 1. μ„Έμ§€λ§ˆ-κΆŒμ΅ν˜„ 비곡식 루트 102 2. μ„Έμ§€λ§ˆ-μ „λ‘ν™˜ 비곡식 루트 108 3. λ‚˜μΉ΄μ†Œλ„€ 총리 λ°©ν•œκ³Ό 40μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 타결 110 4. λŒ€μΌκ²½ν˜‘μ˜ μ‹€μ œ λͺ©μ  113 제 4 μž₯ κ²½ν˜‘μžκΈˆμ˜ λ„μž…μ‹€μ κ³Ό κ·Έ 의의 116 제 1 절 κ²½ν˜‘μžκΈˆμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ›μΉ™κ³Ό 연차별 λ„μž…μ‹€μ  116 1. κ²½ν˜‘μžκΈˆμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ›μΉ™ 116 2. κ²½ν˜‘μžκΈˆμ˜ 연차별 λ„μž…μ‹€μ  119 제 2 절 ν•œκ΅­μ˜ λŒ€μΌκ²½ν˜‘ λͺ©μ κ³Ό 결과에 λŒ€ν•œ κ³ μ°° 128 제 5 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  132 제 1 절 κ²°λ‘  및 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ 의의 132 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 147 Abstract 158Maste

    Long-term safety and efficacy of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 3-year prospective, controlled, observational study (J-BRAND Registry)

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    Introduction Given an increasing use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the real-world setting, we conducted a prospective observational study (Japan-based Clinical Research Network for Diabetes Registry: J-BRAND Registry) to elucidate the safety and efficacy profile of long-term usage of alogliptin.Research design and methods We registered 5969 patients from April 2012 through September 2014, who started receiving alogliptin (group A) or other classes of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs; group B), and were followed for 3 years at 239 sites nationwide. Safety was the primary outcome. Symptomatic hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, skin disorders of non-extrinsic origin, severe infections, and cancer were collected as major adverse events (AEs). Efficacy assessment was the secondary outcome and included changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and urinary albumin.Results Of the registered, 5150 (group A: 3395 and group B: 1755) and 5096 (3358 and 1738) were included for safety and efficacy analysis, respectively. Group A patients mostly (>90%) continued to use alogliptin. In group B, biguanides were the primary agents, while DPP-4 inhibitors were added in up to ~36% of patients. The overall incidence of AEs was similar between the two groups (42.7% vs 42.2%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the incidence of cancer was significantly higher in group A than in group B (7.4% vs 4.8%, p=0.040), while no significant incidence difference was observed in the individual cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the imbalanced patient distribution (more elderly patients in group A than in group B), but not alogliptin usage per se, contributed to cancer development. The incidence of other major AE categories was with no between-group difference. Between-group difference was not detected, either, in the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. HbA1c and fasting glucose decreased significantly at the 0.5-year visit and nearly plateaued thereafter in both groups.Conclusions Alogliptin as a representative of DPP-4 inhibitors was safe and durably efficacious when used alone or with other OHAs for patients with type 2 diabetes in the real world setting
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