Aportes para el abordaje de la dimensión ambiental en el análisis de proyectos de infraestructura urbana desde la perspectiva del desarrollo local en Uruguay

Tesis de maestríaEn esta investigación propongo una alternativa para complementar el abordaje del análisis de proyectos de infraestructura incorporando la dimensión ambiental desde una perspectiva de Desarrollo Local (en adelante DL). Para ello propongo, dentro de la perspectiva del desarrollo sustentable, incorporar el enfoque de Servicios Ecosistémicos en el análisis de proyectos de infraestructura urbana. Argumento que el concepto de desarrollo sustentable es polisémico, lo que genera dificultades a la hora de hacer operativo su uso en situaciones (proyectos) concretas. Para superar estas dificultades, es necesario un concepto complementario al de desarrollo sustentable y que al mismo tiempo mantenga coherencia con el abordaje sistémico del DL de su objeto de estudio. Esto exige concebir una relación sistémica entre ecosistemas y personas, entre las comunidades y su entorno natural en el que apoyan sus medios de vida. Esta necesidad se encuentra contemplada en el concepto de Servicios Ecosistémicos (en adelante SE). Para ilustrar estas ideas analizo algunos de los principales postulados de la teoría del DL y los conceptos sobre desarrollo sustentable. Posteriormente, abordo la incorporación del concepto de SE como forma de tender un puente para la praxis, al momento de formular y evaluar proyectos. De esta forma intento aportar a la superación de las limitaciones inherentes al concepto de sustentabilidad, analizando las ventajas y desventajas que esto presenta para el enfoque de DL. El análisis propuesto se aplica a tres intervenciones territoriales urbanas (casos). Consisten en proyectos de infraestructura en tres localidades de Uruguay denominados: "Parque Lineal de Protección Costera" en San Gregorio de Polanco en el Departamento de Tacuarembó, "Reacondicionamiento de la Infraestructura Turística Calle Vaz Ferreira" en Parque del Plata en el Departamento de Canelones y el "Plan de Recuperación del Arroyo Cuñapirú", en la Ciudad de Rivera en el Departamento de Rivera. La elección de los casos radica en que se proponen como proyectos integrales, se fundamentan en su aporte para el DL de cada una de las localidades y que al mismo tiempo han considerado la dimensión ambiental. Finalmente, extraigo conclusiones a partir del análisis comparado de los casos, analizando la interacción entre los conceptos de Desarrollo Local, sustentabilidad ambiental y el de Servicios Ecosistémicos. Las mismas permiten plantear que el concepto de SE enriquece el proceso de toma de decisiones al poner de manifiesto las relaciones entre las dimensiones económicas, sociales y ambientales vinculadas directamente con los proyectos analizados y las localidades en las que se insertan. Como elemento destacado de las mismas, y desde la perspectiva del DL, surgen recomendaciones sobre la importancia relativa de los distintos componentes de los proyectos analizados. En cada caso, estas recomendaciones representan aportes relevantes para el proceso de toma de decisiones en las distintas etapas del proyecto. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la incorporación mencionada contribuye a una mejora en el tratamiento de la dimensión ambiental en el análisis de proyectos de infraestructura urbana, a partir de la incorporación del concepto de SE dentro del enfoque del DL, en tanto es posible obtener información adicional mediante su uso. Esto propone una alternativa para lograr una mayor integración entre el DL y la dimensión ambiental del territorio en tanto permite indagar nuevos puntos de equilibrio en la relación hombre - naturaleza, es decir considerando los ecosistemas con la presencia humana como partes integrantes y no concebidos separados uno del otro. Más en general, se contribuye al abordaje de la compleja relación entre ambiente y desarrollo local, desde el análisis de situaciones concretas referidas a la aplicación de proyectos de infraestructura.Fil: Seijo Ruíz, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Política y Gobiern

Building capacity on ecosystem-based adaptation strategy to cope with extreme events and sea-level rise on the Uruguayan coast

Purpose - This study aims to show a case study of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) measures to increase coastal system’s resilience to extreme weather events and sea-level rise (SLR) implemented at Kiyú (Uruguayan coast of the Rio de la Plata river estuary). Design/methodology/approach - A participatory process involving the community and institutional stakeholders was carried out to select and prioritise adaptation measures to reduce the erosion of sandy beaches, dunes and bluffs due to extreme wind storm surge and rainfall, SLR and mismanagement practices. The recovery of coastal ecosystems was implemented through soft measures (green infrastructure) such as revegetation with native species, dune regeneration, sustainable drainage systems and the reduction of use pressures. Findings - Main achievements of this case study include capacity building of municipal staff and stakeholders, knowledge exchanges with national-level decision makers and scientists and the incorporation of EbA approaches by subnational-level coastal governments. To consolidate EbA, the local government introduced innovations in the coastal management institutional structure. Originality/value - The outcomes of the article include, besides the increase in the resilience of social-ecological systems, the strengthening of socio-institutional behaviour, structure and sustainability. This experience provides insights for developing a strategy for both Integrated Coastal Management and climate adaptation at the national scale

Palynological and chemical volatile components of tipically autumnal honeys of the western Mediterranean

[EN] Twenty-five samples of autumnal honeys from the western Mediterranean (Mallorca and Eivissa, Balearic Islands) were examined for pollen content (qualitative and quantitative melissopalynological analysis), moisture, electrical conductivity, colour, sensorial qualities and volatile components. Quantitative analysis showed that the honey contained Maurizio's Class II: 64%, Class III: 28%, Class IV: 4% and Class V: 4%. Fifty-four pollen types, with an average number of 16.68 per sample, were identified, belonging to 29 botanical families. Only two taxa (Ceratonia siliqua and Erica multiflora) were found in all samples. Seventeen samples were unifloral (68%) - ten (40%) of C. siliqua, six (24%) of E. multiflora and one (4%) of Hedera helix. All honeys have a low honeydew index (<?0.09%), while the values for electrical conductivity and water content were high. The major honey volatile components are: cis- and trans-linalool oxides (64.2%) and hotrienol (10.4%) for the carob (C. siliqua) and trans-linalool oxide (13.4%), p-menthane-1,8-diol (11.1%), safranal (9.7%), limonene (5,4%), -pinene (3.7%) and oxoisophorone (3.4%) for the winter heather (E. multiflora).The authors would like to extend their gratitude to the Mallorca Rural 'Leader plus' programme and the beekeepers of Mallorca and Eivissa for their support and friendly collaboration. The authors also thank an anonymous reviewer for useful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript.Boi, M.; Llorens Molina, JA.; Cortés, L.; Lladó, G.; Llorens, L. (2013). Palynological and chemical volatile components of tipically autumnal honeys of the western Mediterranean. Grana. 52(2):93-105. doi:10.1080/00173134.2012.744774S93105522Andrade, P. B., Amaral, M. T., Isabel, P., Carvalho, J. C. M. F., Seabra, R. M., & Proença da Cunha, A. (1999). Physicochemical attributes and pollen spectrum of Portuguese heather honeys. Food Chemistry, 66(4), 503-510. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(99)00100-4Anklam, E. (1998). A review of the analytical methods to determine the geographical and botanical origin of honey. Food Chemistry, 63(4), 549-562. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00057-0Bosch, J., Del Pino, F. G., Ramoneda, J., & Retana, J. (1996). FRUITING PHENOLOGY AND FRUIT SET OF CAROB, CERATONIA SILIQUA L. (CESALPINACEAE). Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 44(4), 359-368. doi:10.1080/07929978.1996.10676657Bouseta, A., Collin, S., & Dufour, J.-P. (1992). Characteristic aroma profiles of unifloral honeys obtained with a dynamic headspace GC-MS system. Journal of Apicultural Research, 31(2), 96-109. doi:10.1080/00218839.1992.11101268Cajka, T., Hajslova, J., Pudil, F., & Riddellova, K. (2009). Traceability of honey origin based on volatiles pattern processing by artificial neural networks. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216(9), 1458-1462. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.066Castro-Vázquez, L., Díaz-Maroto, M. C., González-Viñas, M. A., & Pérez-Coello, M. S. (2009). Differentiation of monofloral citrus, rosemary, eucalyptus, lavender, thyme and heather honeys based on volatile composition and sensory descriptive analysis. Food Chemistry, 112(4), 1022-1030. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.036Conti, M. E., Stripeikis, J., Campanella, L., Cucina, D., & Tudino, M. B. (2007). Characterization of Italian honeys (Marche Region) on the basis of their mineral content and some typical quality parameters. Chemistry Central Journal, 1(1). doi:10.1186/1752-153x-1-14Custódio, L., Serra, H., Nogueira, J. M. F., Gonçalves, S., & Romano, A. (2006). Analysis of the Volatiles Emitted by Whole Flowers and Isolated Flower Organs of the Carob Tree Using HS-SPME-GC/MS. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 32(5), 929-942. doi:10.1007/s10886-006-9044-9Cuevas-Glory, L., Ortiz-Vázquez, E., Pino, J. A., & Sauri-Duch, E. (2012). Floral classification of Yucatan Peninsula honeys by PCA & HS-SPME/GC-MS of volatile compounds. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 47(7), 1378-1383. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02983.xDe Bolòs, O., & Molinier, R. (1984). Vegetation of the Pityusic Islands. Biogeography and Ecology of the Pityusic Islands, 185-221. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6539-3_9De Maria, C. A. B., & Moreira, R. F. A. (2003). Compostos voláteis em méis florais. Química Nova, 26(1), 90-96. doi:10.1590/s0100-40422003000100016Guyot, C., Scheirman, V., & Collin, S. (1999). Floral origin markers of heather honeys: Calluna vulgaris and Erica arborea. Food Chemistry, 64(1), 3-11. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(98)00122-8Herrera, J. (1988). Pollination Relationships in Southern Spanish Mediterranean Shrublands. The Journal of Ecology, 76(1), 274. doi:10.2307/2260469Jerković, I., & Marijanović, Z. (2010). 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Bee World, 59(4), 139-157. doi:10.1080/0005772x.1978.11097714Martins, R. C., Lopes, V. V., Valentão, P., Carvalho, J. C. M. F., Isabel, P., Amaral, M. T., … Silva, B. M. (2008). Relevant principal component analysis applied to the characterisation of Portuguese heather honey. Natural Product Research, 22(17), 1560-1582. doi:10.1080/14786410701825004Melliou, E., & Chinou, I. (2011). Chemical constituents of selected unifloral Greek bee-honeys with antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 129(2), 284-290. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.047Pendleton, M. (2006). Descriptions of melissopalynological methods involving centrifugation should include data for calculating Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) or should express data in units of RCF or gravities (g). Grana, 45(1), 71-72. doi:10.1080/00173130500520479Pérez, R. A., Sánchez-Brunete, C., Calvo, R. M., & Tadeo, J. L. (2002). Analysis of Volatiles from Spanish Honeys by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(9), 2633-2637. doi:10.1021/jf011551rPersano Oddo, L., Piana, L., Bogdanov, S., Bentabol, A., Gotsiou, P., Kerkvliet, J., … von der Ohe, K. (2004). Botanical species giving unifloral honey in Europe. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S82-S93. doi:10.1051/apido:2004045Persano Oddo, L., & Piro, R. (2004). Main European unifloral honeys: descriptive sheets. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S38-S81. doi:10.1051/apido:2004049Piana, M. L., Persano Oddo, L., Bentabol, A., Bruneau, E., Bogdanov, S., & Guyot Declerck, C. (2004). Sensory analysis applied to honey: state of the art. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S26-S37. doi:10.1051/apido:2004048Piasenzotto, L., Gracco, L., & Conte, L. (2003). Solid phase microextraction (SPME) applied to honey quality control. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83(10), 1037-1044. doi:10.1002/jsfa.1502Radovic, B. S., Careri, M., Mangia, A., Musci, M., Gerboles, M., & Anklam, E. (2001). Contribution of dynamic headspace GC–MS analysis of aroma compounds to authenticity testing of honey. Food Chemistry, 72(4), 511-520. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(00)00263-6RAMÓN-LACA, L., & MABBERLEY, D. J. (2004). The ecological status of the carob-tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) in the Mediterranean. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 144(4), 431-436. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00254.xRetana, J., Ramoneda, J., Garcia Del Pino, F., & Bosch, J. (1994). Flowering phenology of carob,Ceratonia siliquaL. (Cesalpinaceae). Journal of Horticultural Science, 69(1), 97-103. doi:10.1080/14620316.1994.11515254Ricciardelli d’Albore, G. & Vorwohl, G. (1979). Mieles monoflorales en el Mediterráneo documentado con ayuda del análisis microscópico de mieles. Actas de XXVII Congreso Internacional de Apicultura, Athens, Greece, 14–20 September 1979, 201–208.Pilar de Sá‐Otero, M., Armesto‐Baztan, S., & DÍaz‐Losada, E. (2006). A study of variation in the pollen spectra of honeys sampled from the Baixa Limia‐Serra do Xurés Nature Reserve in north‐west Spain. Grana, 45(2), 137-145. doi:10.1080/00173130600708537Seijo, M. C., Jato, M. V., Aira, M. J., & Iglesias, I. (1997). Unifloral honeys of Galicia (north-west Spain). Journal of Apicultural Research, 36(3-4), 133-140. doi:10.1080/00218839.1997.11100939Terrab, A., Diez, M. J., & Heredia, F. J. (2003). Palynological, physico-chemical and colour characterization of Moroccan honeys: III. Other unifloral honey types. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 38(4), 395-402. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00713.xTERRAB, A., PONTES, A., HEREDIA, F. J., & DÍEZ, M. J. (2004). A preliminary palynological characterization of Spanish thyme honeys. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 146(3), 323-330. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00335.xTerrab, A., Valdés, B., & Josefa Díez, M. (2003). Pollen analysis of honeys from the Mamora forest region (NW Morocco). Grana, 42(1), 47-54. doi:10.1080/00173130310008580Thompson, J. D. (2005). Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515340.001.0001Von Der Ohe, W., Persano Oddo, L., Piana, M. L., Morlot, M., & Martin, P. (2004). Harmonized methods of melissopalynology. Apidologie, 35(Suppl. 1), S18-S25. doi:10.1051/apido:2004050VORWOHL, G. (1964). DIE BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN DER ELEKTRISCHEN LEITFÄHIGKEIT DER HONIGE UND IHRER TRACHTMÄSSIGEN HERKUNFT. Annales de l’Abeille, 7(4), 301-309. doi:10.1051/apido:19640403Vorwohl, G. (1967). The microscopic analysis of honey, a comparison of its methods with those of the other branches of palynology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 3(1-4), 287-290. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(67)90061-

Efectos de la muestra del mes “Cocodrilo americano” sobre el público visitante al Museo de Historia Natural “Tranquilino Sandalio de Noda” de Pinar del Río, Cuba

As feedback tool for the Month Samples in the Natural History Museum "Tranquilino Sandalio of Noda", studies that look for an approach to the historical-natural values in their public potential, and effective pedagogic mediations for understanding the museological message in their real public was carried out. This work exposes the results of the use of instruments of empiric exploration (it interviews) to determine the gnoseological elements and its affectivity on the public regarding the thematic and expositive format of the Month Sample “The American Crocodile”. The results show that the interviewed public's 83.3% acquires knowledge on this reptile species, being the guide's interaction with the visitor to communicate the message of the transitory exhibition, the one that facilitated the construction of the learning in more quantity; also it contributed to reinforcement the environmental education on the topic. These studies have promoted a new museological and museographic conception for our institution that assumes the exhibitions like a didactic instrument for culture promotion; it makes aware and the public's sensibility in environmental matter, facilitating the appreciation of the ecosystem dynamics and the processes in those the man participates. This conception conceives to the visitor like an active fellow and participative, that can interacting with the exhibition, from the physical point of view, cognitive and interpersonal, using the previous knowledge as associative and evaluative thought.Como herramienta de retroalimentación para las Muestras del Mes en el Museo de Historia Natural “Tranquilino Sandalio de Noda”, se realizan estudios que buscan un acercamiento a los valores histórico-naturales en su público potencial, y eficaces mediaciones pedagógicas para la comprensión del mensaje museológico en su público real. Este trabajo expone los resultados de la utilización de instrumentos de exploración empírica (encuesta) para determinar los elementos gnoseológicos y afectivos del público respecto a la temática y al formato expositivo de la Muestra del Mes, Cocodrilo Americano. Dichos resultados develan que el 83.3% del público encuestado adquiere conocimientos sobre esta especie de reptil, siendo la interacción del guía con el visitante para comunicar el mensaje de la exhibición transitoria, la que en mayor cuantía posibilitó la construcción del aprendizaje y contribuyó a potenciar la educación ambiental sobre el tema. Estos estudios han promovido una nueva concepción museológica y museográfica para el MHN TSN, que asume a la exposición como un instrumento didáctico para la promoción de una cultura, conciencia y sensibilidad del público en materia ambiental, facilitando la apreciación de las dinámicas de los ecosistemas y de los procesos en los que el hombre participa. Esta concepción concibe al visitante como un sujeto activo y participativo, que interactúa con la exposición, desde el punto de vista físico, cognitivo e interpersonal, utilizando su conocimiento previo y un pensamiento asociativo y valorativo

Ecological and social basis for the development of a sand barrier breaching model in Laguna de Rocha, Uruguay

Special thanks to Hugo Inda for technical support, and to Carolina Cabrera and Lucía Nogueira for helping with the references. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. This study was made possible through the partial financial support from DINAMA-UCC/SNAP (MVOTMA/Uruguay), Fundación de Amigos de las Lagunas Costeras de Rocha (Uruguay), Interamerican Institute for Global Change (IAI-CRN; 3038/SAFER Project), and International Development Research Centre (IDRC-Climate Change & Water Program; Grant 6923001).Sand barrier complex dynamics play a key role in defining coastal lagoon structure and functioning. Artificial manipulation of these dynamics for biased reasons (e.g., controlling floods, improving fisheries) aggravates conflicts between stakeholders and introduces potential threats to their conservation. This is the case at Laguna de Rocha, Uruguay, a protected area with international recognition, where the sand barrier opening has been the focus of a long-term conflict. A cooperative effort of scientists, authorities, and local stakeholders produced a breaching protocol, aimed to reduce conflicts while preserving the natural hydrodynamics of the system and its associated ecological processes. Historical information and present perceptions about the sand barrier breach were collected, and geomorphological and hydrological studies were carried out. Reconstruction of the historical management of the breaching practice showed that the artificial opening started in the 1950s and that the original procedure, performed by fishermen and cattle ranchers, was gradually left under to managers to, and it is presently performed with heavy machinery. Since the 1980s, inappropriate opening practices may have produced negative effects on the physical and biological structure of the lagoon. Geomorphological studies revealed the sand barrier as a highly vulnerable component of the lagoon and suggested that new opening sites could eventually develop over the long term, given the predictions of climate change and sea level rise. The hydrological approach provided an understanding of the processes driving the opening mechanism and the extent of the flooding of private and public lands. These results outlined the basis for the protocol, to support managers in deciding when to perform the opening, based on a reduced set of indicators (water depth, sand barrier berm elevation, and rainfall forecasts). Reaching a consensus was mainly based upon the existence, for more than 15 years, of a participatory advisory group discussing local environmental problems. The new sand barrier breaching protocol is a significant improvement over the previous situation, and can be generalized for application in similar contexts

Implementación de una nueva concepción científico-educativa en el diseño de exhibiciones en el museo de historia natural de Pinar del Río, sustentada en sistemas de iluminación LED

The followed approaches are presented for the assembly of an exhibition of cavern ecosystems with some outstanding archaeological elements, for that which the basement of the current installation of the Museum was selected. For the planning the illumination expositive system, was selected the LED (Ligth Emition Diode) technology. The types of lamps were selected before the placement of the exponents. The assembly of the cavern was carried out using the technique of papier maché where different physical and biological elements of this ecosystem type were inserted. It is pointed out how derived of this technological application, an energy saving was obtained of more than 60% compared with the assemblies that use the fluorescent lights. It was made and it validated a didactic proposal so much for this exhibition type that facilitates to establish a more interactive holistic speech, from the physical point of view as cognitive. It is emphasized in that the implementation of the LED technology has allowed the recovery of three Rooms of the Museum like permanent rooms of exhibitions, at the same time that it allows an assembly of high efficiency and durability.Se presentan los criterios seguidos para el montaje de una exposición de ecosistemas cavernarios con algunos elementos arqueológicos relevantes, para lo cual fue seleccionado el sótano de la instalación actual del Museo. Para la planificación expositiva fue seleccionado un sistema de iluminación basado en la tecnología LED (Ligth Emition Diode). Los tipos de lámparas fueron seleccionados antes que la colocación de los exponentes. El montaje de la caverna fue realizado utilizando la técnica de papel maché donde se insertaron diferentes elementos físicos y biológicos de este tipo de ecosistema. Se reseña cómo derivado de esta aplicación tecnológica, se obtuvo un ahorro energético de más de un 60% comparado con los montajes que utilizan las luces fluorescentes. Se confeccionó y validó una propuesta didáctica para este tipo de exhibición que posibilita establecer un discurso holístico más interactivo, tanto desde el punto de vista físico como cognitivo. Se enfatiza en que la implementación de la tecnología LED ha permitido la recuperación de tres Salas del Museo como salas permanentes de exhibiciones, a la vez que permite un montaje de alta eficiencia y durabilidad

Mind the Gender Gap in Marine Recreational Fisheries

One of the most relevant information gaps in worldwide fisheries is related to the origin and consequences of the gender gap. Recreational fisheries show a remarkable gender gap, which has been especially poorly addressed in the scientific literature. In 2021, the Spanish Working Group on Marine Recreational Fishing (MRF) developed a broad diagnosis on the participation of women in MRF and agreed on a roadmap to address negative impacts derived from the gender gap. The network experts concluded that there is an urgent need to include the gender gap in the agendas of scientists, fishery managers, policy-makers, stakeholder organizations, and civil society. There is a need to better understand the gender-related socio-ecological impacts of MRF to improve fisheries governance and to develop policies and initiatives that facilitate the full access of women to the benefits derived from the practice of MRF. Establishing economic incentives, increasing the visibility of female success references, developing fishing-related programs specifically designed for girls, and promoting the perception of MRF as a family leisure activity in contact with nature will increase women&rsquo;s engagement