Constraints on the electroweak universal parameters and the top and Higgs masses from updated LEP/SLC data

A global analysis is performed using the latest data from LEP and SLC. Constraints on the electroweak universal parameters ($S,T,U$) and on the masses of the top quark and Higgs boson within the Standard Model (SM) are investigated. The uncertainties due to the QCD and QED effective couplings, \alpha_s(\mz) and \bar{\alpha}(\mmz), are examined in detail. Even though the mean value of $S$ is increased to be consistent with zero, the naive Technicolor models are still disfavored due to its reduced error. Within the SM, we find the 90\,\%CL constraints; 133\gev and 10\gev<\mh<440\gev for \alpha_s(\mz)=0.116 and 1/\bar{\alpha}(\mmz) =128.72. The experimental constraints on the \zbb vertex form-factor, \delb(\mmz), play an important role in disfavoring the region of large m_t(m_t \sim 200\gev) and large \mh(\mh \sim 1000\gev). If $m_t$ is precisely known, the present electroweak data give a rather strict upper bound on the Higgs mass, \mh<140\,(300)\gev\, at 95\%~CL, for m_t=160\, (175)\gev and for the above \alpha_s(\mz) and \bar{\alpha}(\mmz).Comment: 19 pages, uuencoded compressed tar file of LaTeX file and 7 EPS files (uses cite.sty and psfig.sty), PostScript version of complete paper available at ftp://ftp.kek.jp/kek/preprints/TH/TH-418/kekth418.ps.g

Recent advances in the management of osteoporosis

There has been substantial progress in the management of patients with osteoporosis and the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Currently available strong anti-resorptive agents are bisphosphonates and an anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) antibody, denosumab. Although bisphosphonates and denosumab both inhibit bone resorption and prevent vertebral and non-vertebral fractures, their mechanisms of action are different. Whereas bisphosphonates’ effects on bone mineral density and fracture peak around 3 to 5 years and become plateaued, those of denosumab are maintained for up to 10 years. There are differences in the modes of action of these two drugs. Bisphosphonates accumulate on the mineralized bone surface and are released by the acid environment under osteoclastic bone resorption, whereas denosumab is not accumulated on bone but directly binds RANKL and inhibits its binding to the receptor RANK. Thus, the reduction in denosumab concentration 4 to 6 months after injection may enable RANK to bind to RANKL, where it is highly expressed, such as in damaged bone regions. As anabolic agents, only teriparatide has been available for a long time, but abaloparatide, a synthetic analog of PTHrP(1–34), is currently under development. Because of the difference in the preferential binding conformations of PTH1 receptor between teriparatide and abaloparatide, the latter shows anabolic effects with fewer bone resorptive effects. Romosozumab, an anti-sclerostin antibody, inhibits the action of sclerostin, a canonical Wnt signal inhibitor secreted from osteocytes, and enhances canonical Wnt signaling. Romosozumab robustly increases vertebral and proximal femoral bone mineral density within 12 months and inhibits vertebral and clinical fractures in patients with osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in therapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis and discuss future prospects with their use

Electroweak Precision Measurements and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model

We discuss supersymmetric contributions to the electroweak precision measurements in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model for two cases: the quark-lepton universality violation $\delta_{q\ell}$ in charged currents and the ratio $R_b=\Gamma(Z\rightarrow b\bar{b})/\Gamma(Z\rightarrow \rm hadrons)$. The recent experimental data suggest deviations from the Standard Model for these observables, at the 1-$\sigma$ level for the former and at more than 3-$\sigma$ level for the latter. We analyze the non-oblique corrections from the SUSY particles to explain these discrepancies. The observed non-zero $\delta_{q\ell}$ may be explained by relatively light sleptons, charginos and neutralinos. Although the observed excess of $R_b$ can be explained by very light scalar top and chargino for low $\tan\beta$, this interpretation is severely constrained by the opening of exotic decay modes for the top quark.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, uses ptptex.sty, with uuencoded eps figures, Talk given by Y. Yamada at Yukawa International Seminar (YKIS) '95 ``From the Standard Model to Grand Unified Theories'', Kyoto, Japan, August 21--25, 1995. To appear in the Proceeding

Analysis of CMS collaboration Bose-Einstein correlations at 13 TeV using the two-component model

Using the two-component model, we analyze Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) at 13 TeV, measured by the CMS collaboration, and compare results with the $\tau$-model. We utilize data described by the double ratios with [$0\le k_T\le 1.0$ GeV and six intervals for $N_{\rm trk}^{\rm offline}$]. The estimated range is 1-4 fm for the exponential form $R_1$ and 0.4-0.5 fm for the Gaussian form $R_2$. We estimate the upper limits of the 3-pion BEC to test the two-component model and investigate the role of the long-range correlation

Constraints on Non-Standard Contributions to the Charged-Current Interactions

The success of the quantum level predictions of the Standard Model on the $Z$ boson properties, on \mw and on \mt, which makes use of the muon lifetime as an input, implies a stringent constraint on new physics contributions to the $V-A$ charged-current interactions among leptons. Observed unitarity of the CKM matrix elements then implies constraints on non-standard contributions to the lepton-quark charged-current interactions. By using the recent electroweak data as inputs, we find the 95%~CL limits for the corresponding contact interactions: $\Lambda_{CC,+}^{\ell\ell}>7.5$ TeV and $\Lambda_{CC,-}^{\ell\ell}>10.2$ TeV for the purely leptonic terms, and $\Lambda_{CC,+}^{\ell q}>5.8$ TeV and $\Lambda_{CC,-}^{\ell q}>10.1$~TeV for the lepton-quark contact interactions.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, 1 figure, added a few reference

Analysis of Electroweak Precision Data and Prospects for Future Improvements

We update our previous work on an analysis of the electroweak data by including new and partly preliminary data available up to the 1996 summer conferences. The new results on the Z partial decay widths into b and c hadrons now offer a consistent interpretation of all data in the minimal standard model. The value extracted for the strong interaction coupling constant \alpha_s(mZ) agrees well with determinations in other areas. New constraints on the universal parameters S, T and U are obtained from the updated measurements. No signal of new physics is found in the S,T,U analysis once the SM contributions with mt \sim 175GeV and those of not a too heavy Higgs boson are accounted for. The naive QCD-like technicolor model is now ruled out at the 99%CL even for the minimal model with SU(2)_{TC}. In the absence of a significant new physics effect in the electroweak observables, constraints on masses of the top quark, mt, and Higgs boson, mH, are derived as a function of \alpha_s and the QED effective coupling $\bar{\alpha}(m_Z^2)$. The preferred range of mH depends rather strongly on the actual value of mt: mH<360 GeV for mt=170GeV, while mH>130GeV for mt=180GeV at 95%CL. Prospects due to forthcoming improved measurements of asymmetries, the mass of the weak boson W mW, mt and $\bar{\alpha}(m_Z^2)$ are discussed. Anticipating uncertainties of 0.00020 for \sbar^2(m_Z^2), 20MeV for mW, and 2GeV for mt, the new physics contributions to the S,T,U parameters will be constrained more severely, and, within the SM, the logarithm of the Higgs mass can be constrained to about +-0.35. The better constraints on S,T,U and on mH within the minimal SM should be accompanied with matching precision in $\bar{\alpha}(m_Z^2)$.Comment: 48 pages, Latex, uses axodraw.sty, 32 Postscript figures, to be published in Z.Phys.

The Inhibitory Effect of Conjugated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Growth of Human Cancer Cell Lines

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