Autogenous skin transplant for repair of traumatic ventral hernia in sheep

Traumatic ventral abdominal hernia is common in sheep. Fifteen adult sheep affected with large ventral hernia defect were treated. Skin was harvested from the same sheep and replaced for the defective abdominal muscle and sutured. Subcutaneous tissue and skin were opposed over the transplanted skin and sutured. The animals were evaluated clinically, haematologically and by biopsy. Clinically, the animals ate and drank normally after surgery. The transplanted skins were perfectly secured in place. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia were noticed in 77.7% of cases until the 5th day post-operation. Biopsy results indicated vascularization, atretic hair follicles and no signs of rejection. After six months there were signs of re-herniation and the transplanted skin began to enlarge, showing a defect in the abdominal wall in all cases

Trbušna kila u smeđe mine (Acridotheres tristis)

Hernias are often related to breeding, hormonal inflfl uences, or other reasons for space-occupying coelomic masses. This is a diffifi cult problem which is more common in obese female birds. A 2-year-old female common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) was presented to the Veterinary teaching hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University with abdominal swelling and lethargy because of a cage fall from 2 meters six days earlier. After diagnosis of the ventral abdominal hernia, under local aesthesia the contents of the hernial sac were reduced into the abdominal cavity and the linea alba tear was sutured by a simple continuous suture pattern using Vicryl no. 5/0 in two layers. The follow up study for two months revealed no complications.Kile su često povezane s uzgajanjem, hormonalnim utjecajem ili drugim razlozima nedostatka prostora u trbušnoj šupljini. One predstavljaju sve teži problem u uzgojenih ptica. Ženka smeđe mine (Acridotheres tristis) u dobi od dvije godine primljena je na kliniku Fakulteta veterinarske medicine, Sveučilišta Shiraz u Iranu jer je imala oteklinu u području trbuha i bila je potištena nakon pada s visine od dva metra šest dana prije primitka na kliniku. Nakon dijagnoze trbušne kile sadržaj hernijalne vreće bio je pod lokalnom anestezijom vraćen u trbušnu šupljinu. Poderotina u području bijele linije bila je sašivena jednostavnim neprekidnim dvoslojnim šavom upotrebom Vicryl-a 5/0. Nisu ustanovljene komplikacije tijekom dva mjeseca promatranja nakon operacije

Sijalografija u konja: postupak i normalan nalaz

The anatomy of horse salivary glands was studied on cadaver heads. The mandibular duct enters the oral cavity on the border of sublingual caruncle. The parotid gland duct enters the oral cavity on the cheek opposite the upper 4th premolar (3rd cheek tooth). Prior to applying sialography to live animals the techniques of catheterization, injection and radiography had to be carried out on cadaver heads. The techniques were subsequently applied to three live animals. The animals were anesthetized routinely and the mandibular and parotid ducts catheterized, and contrast medium was injected into each gland. Lateral radiographs were made immediately after the injection. The normal horse mandibular and parotid salivary glands as depicted on sialograms have a multilobular appearance in cadaver heads, but in live animals the outline of gland, main ducts and their smaller branches could be identifi ed. The parotid duct leaves the deep surface of the rostral end of gland and courses along the border of the masseter muscle before it enters the mouth. The mean diameter of parotid duct was 3.9 ± 0.9 mm. The mandibular duct leaves the rostral end of the gland, its mean diameter being 3.6 ± 1.2 mm. In conclusion, sialography of mandibular and parotid salivary gland in horse is practical and helpful in diagnoses of pathological conditions of these glands and their ducts.Anatomija slinovnica konja proučavana je na glavama lešina. Čeljusni slinovod ulazi u usnu šupljinu na granici podjezičnog uzdignuća, a zaušni slinovod ulazi u usnu šupljinu na obrazu suprotno od gornjeg četvrtog pretkutnjaka. Postupci kateterizacije, injekcije i radiografi je uvježbani su na glavama lešina prije primjene sijalografije na živim životinjama. Postupak je potom primijenjen na trima živim životinjama. Životinje su bile podvrgnute rutinskoj anesteziji, a zatim su čeljusni i zaušni slinovodi bili kateterizirani te je kontrastno sredstvo bilo ubrizgano u svaku žlijezdu. Lateralna radiografi ja bila je učinjena neposredno nakon ubrizgavanja. Normalan izgled čeljusnih i zaušnih slinovnica na sijalogramima lešina bio je režnjate građe. Oblik žlijezde, glavni izvodni kanali i njihove manje grane mogli su se identifi cirati na živim životinjama. Zaušni slinovod napušta duboku površinu oralnog okrajka žlijezde i pruža se uz rub velikog žvačnog mišića prije ulaska u usnu šupljinu. Srednji promjer zaušnog slinovoda bio je 3,9 ± 0,9 mm. Čeljusni slinovod napušta oralni dio okrajka žlijezde, a njegov srednji promjer iznosi 3,6 ± 1,2 mm. Zaključno se može reći da je sijalografi ja čeljusne i zaušne slinovnice u konja od praktičnog značenja i korisna je u dijagnosticiranju njihovih patoloških stanja kao i patoloških stanja njihovih izvoda

Usporedba učinkovitosti lidokaina i destilirane vode te lidokaina i magnezijeva sulfata za epiduralnu anesteziju u koza.

Ruminants are generally not considered good subjects for general anaesthesia mainly because of the hazards of regurgitation and inhalation of ruminal contents or saliva into the lungs if the airway is left unprotected. Thus, regional anaesthesia produced by perineural or epidural injections of anaesthetic agents are most frequently employed in these species. The following study was carried out to compare directly the time of onset and duration of analgesia produced by a lidocaine-MgSO4 combination with that produced by lidocaine-distilled water administration in the epidural space of goats. Seven healthy adult (2 ± 0.5 years of age) native goats (49 ± 3 kg) were selected for this study. Caudal epidural anesthesia was produced in all goats by 2% lidocaine (1 mL/7 kg) with 1 mL distilled water and two weeks later repeated by 2% lidocaine (1 mL/7 kg) with 1 mL of 10% MgSO4. Time of onset, duration, standing and cranial spread of analgesia were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were recorded at 0 minutes prior to epidural administrations of each treatments as base line values and at 10, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after the epidural administration of each treatments. Statistical analysis included the paired Student’s t-test and ANOVA (SPSS, soft ware of windows). P<0.05 was considered as a significant level. A significant difference (P<0.05) was noted for the onset of analgesia between lidocaine-distilled water (2.38 ± 0.38 min) and lidocaine-MgSO4 (3.71 ± 0.38 min). Lidocaine-MgSO4 produced analgesia of significantly longer duration (171.85 ± 8.07 min) than that of lidocaine-distilled water (61.42 ± 6.39 min). There were no significant differences in standing time between the two groups. There were no significant differences in HR, RR, and body temperature in comparison with the base line values in the lidocaine-distilled water and lidocaine-MgSO4 groups. Using this combination, long duration obstetrical and surgical procedures could commence relatively soon after epidural injection and could be completed without re-administration of the anesthetic agent.Preživači općenito nisu pogodni za opću anesteziju većinom zbog opasnosti od regurgitacije i inhalacije buražna sadržaja ili sline u pluća, ako su im zračni prohodi nezaštićeni. Zbog toga se u njih najčešće primjenjuje perineuralna ili epiduralna anestezija. Ovo istraživanje je provedeno radi izravne usporedbe nastupa i trajanja analgezije postignute primjenom lidokaina i magnezijeva sulfata te lidokaina i destilirane vode u epiduralni prostor u koza. Sedam zdravih odraslih koza (u dobi od 2 ± 0,5 godina) tjelesne mase od 49 ± 3 kg odabrano je za ovo istraživanje. U svih je provedena kaudalna epiduralna anestezija 2%-tnim lidokainom (1 mL/7 kg) i jednim mililitrom destilirane vode. Dva tjedna poslije, epiduralna anestezija bila je ponovljena 2%-tnim lidokainom (1 mL/7 kg) i jednim mililitrom 10%-tnog magnezijeva sulfata. Promatrano je vrijeme nastupa anestezije, njezino trajanje, postojanost i kranijalno širenje. Frekvencija bila i disanja te tjelesna temperatura izmjereni su prije davanja anestezije kao bazalne vrijednosti, a zatim 10, 30, 45 i 60 minuta nakon epiduralne injekcije. Rezultati su bili statistički obrađeni Student t-testom i ANOVA testom. P<0,05 smatran je značajnom razinom. Značajna razlika (P<0,05) bila je zabilježena u vremenu nastupa analgezije postignute lidokainom i destiliranom vodom (2,38 ± 0,38 min) te lidokainom i magnezijevim sulfatom (3,71 ± 0,38 min). Analgezija postignuta lidokainom i magnezijevim sulfatom trajala je znatno duže (171,85 ± 8,07 min) od one postignute lidokain-destiliranom vodom (61,42 ± 6,39 min). Nije ustanovljena statistički značajna razlika za frekvenciju bila, disanja i tjelesnu temperaturu u odnosu na bazalne vrijednosti u obih skupina. Primjenom kombinacije lidokain-magnezijev sulfat dugotrajni porodnički i kirurški zahvati mogu započeti relativno brzo nakon epiduralne injekcije te se mogu završiti bez ponovljene primjene anestetika

Sijalografija u psa: normalan prikaz.

The anatomy of dog salivary glands was studied on cadaver heads. The mandibular duct enters the oral cavity on the sublingual caruncle. The parotid gland duct enters the oral cavity on the cheek opposite the 4th upper premolar tooth. The zygomatic salivary gland duct enters the oral cavity opposite the first upper molar tooth. Prior to applying sialography to live animals, catheterization, injection and radiography techniques had to be carried out on cadaver heads. Subsequently, these techniques were applied on five live dogs. The animals were routinely anaesthetized, the mandibular, parotid and zygomatic ducts catheterized, and contrast medium was injected into each gland. Lateral radiographs were made immediately after injection. The normal dog mandibular, parotid and zygomatic salivary glands as depicted on sialograms have a multilobular appearance in cadaver heads, but in live animals the outline of gland, main ducts and their smaller branches could be identified. The parotid duct leaves the deep surface of the rostral end of the gland and courses over the masseter muscle before it enters the mouth. The mean diameter of parotid duct was 1.0 ± 0.4 mm. The mandibular duct leaves the rostral end of the gland, and its mean diameter was 1.0 ± 0.2 mm. The zygomatic duct was also1.0 ± 0.2 mm in diameter. In conclusion, sialography of mandibular, parotid and zygomatic salivary gland in dog is practical and is helpful in the diagnosis of some pathological conditions in these glands.Anatomija žlijezda slinovnica psa istražena je na glavama lešina. Izvod mandibularne žlijezde ulazi u usnu šupljinu na podjezičnom karunkulu. Izvod zaušne slinovnice ulazi u usnu šupljinu na obraznoj stijenci nasuprot četvrtog gornjeg pretkutnjaka, a zigomatične slinovnice nasuprot prvog gornjeg kutnjaka. Prije nego što je provedena sijalografija na živim životinjama, učinjena je kateterizacija, ubrizgavanje i radiografija na glavama lešina pasa. Nakon anestezije životinjama je u izvodne kanale zaušne, mandibularne i zigomatične slinovnice stavljan kateter i ubrizgano kontrastno sredstvo. Laterolateralno radiografsko snimanje provedeno je odmah nakon ubrizgavanja. Na sijalogramima glava lešina mogla se utvrditi samo multilobularna građa za razliku od onih učinjenih na živim životinjama gdje su uočeni glavni izvodi i njihovi ogranci. Utvrđeno je da izvod zaušne žlijezde izlazi iz prednjeg kraja te prelazeči preko velikog žvačnog mišića ulazi u usnu šupljinu. Srednja vrijednost promjera izvoda zaušne žlijezde bila je 1,0 ± 0,4 mm. Izvod mandibularne žlijezde izlazi iz prednjeg kraja žlijezde i promjera je 1,0 ± 0,2 mm. Izvod zigomatične žlijezde bio je iste veličine. Zaključno je istaknuto da je sijalografija zaušne, mandibularne i zigomatične žlijezde metoda koja može biti od velike pomoći pri otkrivanju patoloških stanja tih žlijezda

Istodobna bilateralna ingvinalna i pupčana kila u kuje

A 3 year old Schianlu bitch with a bilateral swelling in the inguinal region and a small umbilical swelling was referred to the Veterinary teaching hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University. She had had dystocia with her 3 puppies 7 months earlier. Soft, painless and reducible swellings were palpated in all 3 sites on physical examination. Under general anesthesia all 3 sites were repaired surgically. The left inguinal hernia sac contained the entire uterus along with the broad ligaments and in the right, the omentum was found in the hernia sac. The hernia rings were sutured by simple interrupted suture pattern using Vicryl no. 1. The umbilical hernia sac contained some omental fat with a small ring. The hernial sac was removed and the margin of the abdominal ring was trimmed and the ring was sutured in a similar suture pattern. Fluid and antibiotics were administrated immediately after surgery but antibiotics were continued until 5 days post operative. The follow up study for four months revealed no complications.Kuja pasmine Schianlu u dobi od tri godine s bilateralnom oteklinom u ingvinalnom području i slabom oteklinom u pupčanom području dovedena je na pregled na kliniku Veterinarske škole Sveučilišta Shiraz u Iranu. Sedam mjeseci ranije s poteškoćama je oštenila tri šteneta. Blaga, bezbolna i reponibilna oteklina palpirala se na sva tri spomenuta područja. Sva tri područja podvrgnuta su operativnom zahvatu pod općom anestezijom. U lijevoj ingvinalnoj hernijalnoj vreći nalazila se cijela maternica zajedno sa širokim ligamentima, a u desnoj omentum. Hernijalni prsteni bili su sašiveni jednostavnim prekinutim šavom uporabom vikrila br. 1. Pupčana hernijalna vreća sadržavala je nešto masti omentuma, a imala je mali prsten. Hernijalna vreća bila je uklonjena, a rubovi trbušnog prstena resecirani i sašiveni jednostavnim šavom. Tekućina i antibiotici bili su primijenjeni netom nakon kirurške obradbe s tim da su antibiotici bili davani tijekom pet dana nakon operacije. U kuje nisu bile ustanovljene komplikacije tijekom šest mjeseci postoperativnog promatranja