Effect of chemical fertilizers and bio-fertilizers application on some morpho-physiological characteristics of forage sorghum

Abstract To evaluate effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on growth of the forage sorghum, a factorial experiment was arranged as factorial, based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture, university of Tabriz, Iran in 2011. Treatments were chemical fertilizers levels (210 Kg/ha urea (100%), 150 Kg/ha triple superphosphate (100%), urea (100%) + triple superphosphate (S.P.T, 100%), urea 50% + S.P.T. 50% and control) and bio-fertilizers (biosuper, phosphate barvar-2, biosuper + phosphate Barvar-2 and control). Results indicated that the highest (3090.99 g.m2) and the lowest (1226/29 g.m2) forage yield and plant height were obtained from "urea (100%) + S.P.T. (100%) + phosphate Barvar-2" and "control", respectively. The highest and lowest of leaf area index (LAI) were achieved in "urea (100%) + S.P.T. (100%) + biosuper + phosphate Barvar-2" and "control "respectively. Chemical and bio-fertilizers had significant effects on Natural Detergent Fiber (NDF), as the control and treatment of "50% urea + 50% S.P.T. + phosphate Barvar-2" produced higher and lower NDF than other treatments respectively. Also the most gas production was observed in "50% urea + 50% S.P.T. + biosuper + phosphate Barvar-2". In conclusion, application of 100% chemical fertilizer with bio-fertilizers resulted the maximum of quantitative values such as forage yield, and the reduced doses of chemical fertilizer (50%) with bio-fertilizers had more positive effects on qualitative traits such as NDF

In Vitro Propagation Of ‘Gisela 5’ Rootstock As Affected By Mineral Composition Of Media And Plant Growth Regulators

The purpose of the presented study was to determine the best mineral composition of media and plant growth regulators in the micropropagation of the ‘Gisela 5’ (Prunus cerasus × P. canescens) dwarf sweet cherry rootstock. Nodal explants from young healthy shoots were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium without growth regulators. In vitro raised shoot tips were transferred to three culture media including Murashige and Skoog (MS), Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW) and Lloyd and McCown (WPM) containing benzyl adenine (BA) (0.5, 1 or 2 mg·l−1) in combination with kinetin (Kin) at 0 or 0.5 mg·l−1. WPM and DKW media were proving to be the most effective, resulting in a higher percentage of shoot multiplication and shoot number as compared to MS. BA in concentration 2 mg·l−1 resulted in the highest number of microshoots per explant (3.1). For rooting, 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg·l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on MS, DKW and WPM media were tested. WPM medium containing 2 mg·l−1 IBA was most effective for rooting (93.7%) in comparison to MS (53.1%) and DKW (14.0%). Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and established in pots

Efficacy of education with American Society of Health system Pharmacists guidelines on the prevention of stress ulcer

Background: Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) is important in patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines, for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Methods: In this Quasi experimental study, data of patients that admitted to the ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia was recorded for three months. Then our guideline that was selected on the basis of ASHP guidelines were presented to physicians for one month and then patients’ data were collected again. The patients that hospitalized due to acute gastrointestinal bleeding and died in the early hours of admission were excluded. The data were analyzed. Results: This study involved 234 patients, of them 112 patients (91.1%) in the pre- intervention period and 99 patients (89.2%) in the post-intervention period had received acid-suppressive therapy (AST) (P=0.632). Of 77 patients (62.8%) in the pre- intervention period and 88 (79.3%) in the post-intervention period had an indication for SUP according to our ASHP-based guideline (P=0.005). Of the patients without an indication for SUP, 39 of 123 (31.7%) received AST in the pre-intervention period versus 18 of 111 (16.2%) in the post-intervention period (P=0.006). of 112 (91.1%) cases in the pre-intervention period compared with 93 (83.8%) cases of the prescription drug order was incorrect (P=0.092). Gastrointestinal bleeding were in five patients (4.1%) found during the pre-intervention period and 8 (7.2%) cases in the post-intervention period (P=0.295). Conclusion: In this study the majority of cases not been in accordance with the ASHP-based guideline and our education did not affect the quality of stress ulcer prophylaxis. It seems that more attention to the training of physician in the prophylaxis of stress ulcer can be effective in improving the health status of patients and additional costs may be reduced

EFFECT OF CALYX REMOVAL AND DISINFECTION ON RIPENING RATE AND CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST DECAY OF TOMATO FRUIT

Abstract. Tomato is one of the most important fruit vegetables. Softenin

Evaluation of HP0605 and HP0971 genes of efflux pumps in Helicobacter pylori resistance to Metronidazole

Background: The presence of antibiotic resistance has been reported in H.pylori and it is a major cause of treatment failure. Five families of multidrug efflux pumps are defined in bacteria and resistance-nodulation-division (RND) pumps are found mainly in gram negative bacteria. TolC is one of RND pump components and play a critical role in drug resistance. It hasn’t been established that RND family has a role in drug resistance in H.pylori. In this study, we assessed the role of two efflux genes in resistant to metronidazole in H.pylori by evaluation of overexpression TolC genes by RT-PCR method. Methods: In five metronidazole resistant strains of H.pylori, total RNA was extracted. RNA treated with DNase and RNA reverse transcribed to cDNA. Aliquots of the cDNA solution were assayed by RT- PCR for HP0605 and HP0971 genes. The levels of mRNA expression were evaluated by densitometry analysis. Results: All five strains displayed overexpression for HP0605 basis of increased concentration of metronidazole. Three strains showed transcripts for HP0971. One of these had transcripts for HP0971 only in Metronidazole concentration equaled to 16 µg/ml but two strains overexpressed adapt to increase concentration of metronidazole. Conclusion: According to current study, HP0605 and HP0971 genes overexpressed due to increase metronidazole. So, increasing of Metronidazole affects in H.pylori΄s efflux system in transcription level