Beyond Actorness in EU Crisis Management: Internal Functions of External Peacekeeping

What do European crisis management operations in remote places reveal about the EU's political ambitions and about the present state of European integration? Against a traditional reading in terms of actorness and effectiveness, this article applies the functionality thesis to CSDP operations, and argues that the latter perform three internal functions: a substitute for national strategies in international crisis management; a way for EU foreign policy actors to compete against each other for political power; and an opportunity to reflect upon the nature and identity of the EU. Through a case study of the military intervention EUFOR Chad/CAR, the article demonstrates that an approach in terms of functionality is more accurate empirically than one in terms of effectiveness. Theoretically, it also usefully bridges the traditional rationalist/constructivist divide in the literature on CSDP, and provides challenging avenues for future research on EU peacekeeping in a middle-ground and sociological perspective. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Efeito do raleio e do anelamento do tronco no crescimento, produção e qualidade da ameixeira japonesa Effect of thinning and of trunk girdling on growth, production and quality of japanese plums

Na produção de ameixas (Prunus salicina Lindley) para consumo in natura, o tamanho do fruto é um dos aspectos mais valorizados. O raleio de frutos é tradicionalmente utilizado para obter, entre outros efeitos, a melhoria do tamanho dos frutos remanescentes. Uma antiga prática, que está recebendo renovada atenção, é o anelamento, que em muitas situações pode aumentar o tamanho dos frutos e antecipar a colheita. Este trabalho avaliou os efeitos do raleio manual de frutos em intensidades de 0, 25, 50 e 75%, associado ou não ao anelamento do tronco (4 mm de largura), sobre o crescimento, a produção e a qualidade da ameixeira cv. Amarelinha. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS) no ciclo 1995/96. O raleio foi realizado em 16/10/95, 36 dias após a plena floração, e o anelamento, sete dias após o raleio. O raleio reduziu a produção proporcionalmente à intensidade de raleio aplicada. O anelamento antecipou a colheita, diminuiu a firmeza e a acidez titulável, e aumentou a relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável dos frutos; mas diminuiu o vigor e o crescimento das plantas. Nenhum dos tratamentos alterou significativamente o peso médio dos frutos.<br>In the production of plums (Prunus salicina Lindley) for in natura consumption the fruit size is a very important feature. Fruit thinning is traditionally used to increase fruit size. Girdling is a practice which is deserving renewed attention, since in many situations is useful to improve fruit size and to advance harvest. This study seeks to evaluate the effect of manual fruit thinning at intensities of 0, 25, 50, and 75% associated or not to trunk girdling (4 mm wide) on the growth, production and quality of plum cv. Amarelinha. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Experimental Research Station (Southern Brazil), during the growth season of 1995-96 (August - June). Thinning was applied on October 16, 1995, 36 days after full bloom, and girdling seven days after thinning. Thinning decreased total fruit yield proportionally to the applied intensity. Trunk girdling anticipated harvesting, decreased fruit firmness, titratable acidity and increased the ratio total soluble solids: titratable acidity of fruits, but decreased the vigour and vegetative growth of the trees. None of treatments affected significantly the mean fruit weight

The organizational socialization process: Review and development of a social capital model

10.1177/0149206310384630Journal of Management371127-152JOMA

"Panta Rhei – Everything Flows”::Change in hydrology and society – The IAHS Scientific Decade 2013-2022

The new Scientific Decade 2013-2022 of IAHS, entitled Panta RheiEverything Flows, is dedicated to research activities on change in hydrology and society. The purpose of Panta Rhei is to reach an improved interpretation of the processes governing the water cycle by focusing on their changing dynamics in connection with rapidly changing human systems. The practical aim is to improve our capability to make predictions of water resources dynamics to support sustainable societal development in a changing environment. The concept implies a focus on hydrological systems as a changing interface between environment and society, whose dynamics are essential to determine water security, human safety and development, and to set priorities for environmental management. The Scientific Decade 2013-2022 will devise innovative theoretical blueprints for the representation of processes including change and will focus on advanced monitoring and data analysis techniques. Interdisciplinarity will be sought by increased efforts to connect with the socio-economic sciences and geosciences in general. This paper presents a summary of the Science Plan of Panta Rhei, its targets, research questions and expected outcomes