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Not AvailableA large number of Long Term Fertilizer Experiments (LTFE) on various Food, Horticulture and Commercial Crops are being conducted at various Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Institutes and State Agricultural Universities (SAU). Usually the information generated from these experiments is not available in compatible form at one place to the scientific community working in National Agricultural Research System (NARS). Also planners/ research workers may be interested in this information as this will help them in planning/conducting the future long term experiments. Keeping the importance of this information in view, a Web based information system entitled “National Information System on Long Term Fertilizer Experiments (NISLTFE)” has been designed, developed and uploaded at Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI) domain http://www.iasri.res.in:8081/nisltfe/. NISLTFE would generate information for various policy decisions in the context of achieving higher productivity and maintaining sustainability under modern intensive cropping system based on high external inputs of fertilizers, agro-chemicals and high yielding cultivars under irrigated/ rain fed conditions etc. This paper focuses on the variety of information provided by NISLTFE in the form of online reports. Emphasis is on parameters, such as crop sown, statistical design used, agro-ecosystem, weather, characters, mid course modifications, field layout and character data stored for the LTFE.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGlobally rapeseed-mustard (Brassica spp.) is a major oilseed crop. India is the second largest cultivator of mustard followed by China. The oilseed production increased significantly after yellow revolution but increasing population made pressure on production. The major losses in mustard yield occurs due to the attack of different pest and diseases. An option to minimize the losses in production of oilseed Brassica can be the suppression of the pest and disease incidence through modification of microclimate by altering the crop row direction. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of microclimate variability due to different crop row directions on pest and disease incidence. The pest and disease are highly sensitive to temperature and relative humidity (RH) within crop canopy environment. The two row direction treatment, i.e. North-South (N-S) and East-West (E-W) were studied at the experimental farm, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during rabi season, 2013-14. Parameters like number of aphid per top 10 cm of main shoot, per cent disease index (PDI) of white rust, temperature and RH within crop canopy were recorded at regular interval. The result showed a significant higher value of mean profile temperature in N-S row direction as compared to E-W row direction and an opposite trend was found for RH. Aphid infestation and PDI for white rust infection in E-W direction were significantly higher by 36% and 11.44%, respectively over N-S direction. It was concluded that both aphid and white rust incidence were reduced in N-S direction due to microenvironment modification. Aphid population was found negatively correlated with mean profile temperature and positively correlated with RH.Not Availabl

Effect of dimming of global radiation on morphology and yield of wheat crop in Delhi

Long-term observations of the surface global solar radiation in recent decades have shown a widespread declining trend in many parts of the world. Experient was carried out at the farm of ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study response of three cultivars (HD 2967, WR 544 and PBW 502) of wheat under five reduced solar radiation levels (0, 20, 35, 50, 75% shading). Plant height, internode distance and leaf area index (LAI) were measured at different DAS throughout the crop growth period. The result shows that plant height and internode distance increased under 75% shading treatment. The highest leaf area index (LAI) was observed in 35% shading treatment, followed by 20% shading and control. Final biomass, grain yield and harvest index decreased significantly with shading and was lowest in 75% shading treatment. Among the cultivars, HD 2967 performed better under reduced radiation condition as compared to other cultivars

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Not AvailableIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) promulgated a clear message that there have been many extreme weather and climate events observed globally since 1950, and these changes occurred mainly due to anthropogenic causes and emission of greenhouse gases. A computation study was carried out to assess the extreme temperature and rainfall events for the period 1984–2015 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi by using ETCCDI indices through RClimDex software. The statistical significance of time series data and various calculated indices was done by linear regression as well as by Mann-Kendall test. Results indicated that annual mean maximum temperature decreased significantly at 0.019 °C/year and annual mean minimum temperature showed an increasing trend but without statistical significance. Alteration has happened in atmospheric properties, both physical and chemical over Delhi region during the period because of rapid urbanization and, increased concentration of aerosol. Fossil fuel/biomass waste burning, transportation of sand dust from Thar Desert, and reduction in incoming solar radiation have contributed both for fall in daytime temperature and rise in nighttime temperature. The changes in temperature would affect agricultural production through reduction in the rate of photosynthesis and excessive nocturnal respiration. Frequency and magnitude of coolest day (maximum temperature < 15 °C) and night (minimum temperature < 5 °C) have been rising at IARI, New Delhi. In the case of rainfall-based indices, annual rainfall (PRCPTOT), consecutive wet days (CWD), and number of days with rainfall ≥ 20 mm (R20) showed significant increasing tendency. Increasing trend in simple daily intensity index (SDII), rainy days (R2.5), and declining trend of consecutive dry days (CDD) indicates better distribution of rainfall. Nevertheless, increasing tendency in RX1day, RX5day, and R99p indicates possibilities of heavy rainfall events although the trend has been found insignificant.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2009 and 2010 in a sandy loam soil of New Delhi to study the effect of weather, achieved by sowing at normal (D1) and late (D2), on soil moisture prediction, evapotranspiration (ET), yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of three varieties (V1: JS 335, V2: Pusa 9712 and Pusa 9814) of soybean. Study of soybean phenology showed that there was reduction in the number of days taken for the crop to complete life cycle with delayed sowing. The agrometeorological water balance model could satisfactorily predict soil moisture content during soybean crop growth period with RMSE (%) varying between 6.27 to 12.06 and correlation coefficient between 0.828 to 0.982. The ET decreased significantly with delay in sowing; however there was no significant variation among the varieties. Among the stages of the soybean crop, mid season stage had highest ET followed by development stage, late season stage and initial stage. Normal sowing resulted in higher yield but lower WUE than the late sowing. Among the cultivars, JS 335 resulted in lower yield and WUE than Pusa 9712 and Pusa 9814. It may be recommended that, Pusa 9712 or Pusa 9814 may be sown during first and second week of July (normal sowing) to achieve higher yield in the semi-arid environment of Delhi region.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn the present study, 20 years (1995-2014) data has been used to study the trends of weather parameters of maximum and minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity, rainfall, bright sunshine hour, average wind speed and climatic water balnce components. Climatic water balance for all the months of a year was calculated following the climatic water balance procedure of Thornthwaite and Mather (1955). The potential evapotranspiration (PET) was calculated by using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableField experiment was conducted in a sandy loam soil of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during the year 2011–13 to see the effect of irrigation, mulch and nitrogen on canopy spectral reflectance indices and their use in predicting the grain and biomass yield of wheat. The canopy reflectances were measured using a hand held ASD FieldSpec Spectroradiometer at booting stage of wheat. Four spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) viz. RNDVI (Red Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SR (Simple Ratio) and WI (Water Index) were computed using the spectral reflectance data. Out of these four indices, RNDVI, GNDVI and SR were significantly and positively related with the grain and biomass yield of wheat whereas WI was significantly and negatively related with the grain and biomass yield of wheat. Calibration with the second year data showed that among the SRIs, WI could account for respectively, 85 % and 86 % variation in grain and biomass yield of wheat with least RMSE (395 kg ha−1 (15 %) for grain yield and 1609 kg ha−1 (20 %) for biomass yield) and highest d index (0.95 for grain yield and 0.91 for biomass yield). Therefore it can be concluded that WI measured at booting stage can be successfully used for prediction of grain and biomass yield of wheat.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was carried out during rabi 2010-11 and 2011-12 to study the canopy reflectance and to predict the grain and biomass yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different irrigation and nitrogen management practices using canopy reflectance spectra model. Wheat (cv. PBW 502) was grown with four levels of irrigation, ie 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 IW/CPE and three N sources, ie 120 kg N/ha as urea, 60 kg N/ha as urea+ 60 kg N/ha as farmyard manure (FYM) and 120 kg N/ha as FYM. Three spectral reflectance indices, viz. Red Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (RNDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and Simple Ratio (SR) were computed using the spectral reflectance data. It was observed that across the treatments, the RNDVI, GNDVI, and SR increased from crown root initiation (CRI) to booting stage and thereafter decreased progressively till harvest. The pooled yield data of both the years showed significantly higher yield in 0.8 and 1.0 IW/CPE irrigation levels than 0.4 and 0.6 IW/CPE irrigation levels. The pooled data of grain yield under different nitrogen practices showed significantly higher yield in urea treatment followed by urea+ FYM treatment and FYM treatment. The biomass yield under different nitrogen management practices followed trend similar to grain yield. A significant and positive correlation coefficient was observed between grain and biomass yield and spectral reflectance indices (RNDVI, GNDVI, SR) for all the phenological stages except at CRI stage and maturity stage. Highest correlation coefficient (0.97 for grain yield and 0.93 for biomass yield) was observed for GNDVI measured at milking stage. The model could account for 79 % variation in the grain yield of wheat with root mean square error (RMSE) (%) of 17.1. Similarly the model could account for 86% variation in the biomass yield of wheat with RMSE (%) of 12.7. The models slightly underestimate the grain and biomass yield of wheat with coefficient of residual mass (CRM) value of 0.13 and 0.08, respectively.Not Availabl