Hamiltonian model for multidimensional epistasis

We propose and solve a Hamiltonian model for multidimensional epistastatic interactions between beneficial mutations. The model is able to give rise either to a phase transition between two equilibrium states, without any coexistence, or exhibits a state where hybrid species can coexist, with gradual passage from one wild type to another. The transition takes place as a function of the "tolerance" of the environment, which we define as the amount of noise in the system.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures (in seperate files) spelling corrected and a reference adde

Substitution effects on the temperature vs. magnetic-field phase diagrams of the quasi-1D effective Ising spin-1/2 chain system BaCo2_2V2_2O8_8

BaCo$_2$V$_2$O$_8$ is a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain system with pronounced Ising anisotropy of the magnetic exchange. Due to finite interchain interactions long-range antiferromagnetic order develops below $T_{\rm N} \simeq 5.5$ K, which is accompanied by a structural distortion in order to lift magnetic frustration effects. The corresponding temperature $vs.$ magnetic-field phase diagram is highly anisotropic with respect to the magnetic-field direction and various details are still under vivid discussion. Here, we report the influence of several substitutions on the magnetic properties and the phase diagrams of BaCo$_2$V$_2$O$_8$. We investigate the substitution series Ba$_{\text{1-x}}$Sr$_{\text{x}}$Co$_{\text{2}}$V$_{\text{2}}$O$_{\text{8}}$ over the full range $0\le x \le 1$ as well as the influence of a partial substitution of the magnetic Co$^{2+}$ by small amounts of other magnetic transition metals or by non-magnetic magnesium. In all cases, the phase diagrams were obtained on single crystals from magnetization data and/or high-resolution studies of the thermal expansion and magnetostriction.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure

Sensemaking for Broad Topics via Automated Extraction and Recursive Search

The availability of vast amounts of diverse information related to a broad topic makes it difficult and time-consuming for users to find and digest the right information regarding various low-level topics within the broader space. Current approaches to addressing these challenges include providing curated topical pages, relevant query refinement suggestions, list of subtopics, etc. However, these approaches do not scale and offer inadequate support for sensemaking. This disclosure describes automated techniques that extract information from online information sources by using a query related to a high-level topic to recursively formulate additional queries for subtopics to construct a hierarchical set of topics related to the broad query. The results can be utilized to provide a user interface using the hierarchical topic levels which can make it faster and easier for users to understand and navigate information regarding a high-level topic

ERGENLERDE TÜKETİCİLİK BİLİNÇ DÜZEYİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Bu araştırmada, Ankara ilinin farklısosyo-ekonomik bölgelerinde, ilköğretim 6., 7., 8. sınıflarda okuyan 12-14 yaşlarıarasındaki 316 öğrencinin tüketici eğitimi konularınıilişkin bilgi ve tutumlarınıölçmek amacıyla planlanıp yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla araştırmacılar tarafından “Tüketici Eğitimi Bilgi Testi” ve “Tüketici Eğitimi Tutum Ölçeği” geliştirilmiştir. Bilgi ve tutum puanlarına göre öğrencilerin tüketici eğitimi bilinç düzeyleri; aile geliri, cinsiyet, sınıf ve ebeveynin eğitim durumu bağımsız değişkenlerine bağlıolarak ölçülmüşve tartışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile önemli bir tüketici grubu olarak görülen ergenlere örgün eğitim kurumlarıtarafından tüketici eğitimi verilmesinin gerekliliği açığa çıkarılmıştır

Financial burden of health care expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003

We examine whether and to what extent the health insurance system in Turkey provided adequate protection against high out of pocket expenditures in the period prior to “The Health Transformation Programme” (HTP) for the non elderly population. We measure health care burdens as the share of out of pocket health care expenditures within family income. We define high burdens as expenses above 10 and 20 percent of income. We find that 19 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 10 percent of family income and that 14 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 20 percent of family income on health care. Furthermore, the poor and those living in economically less developed regions had the greatest risk of high out of pocket burdens. More significantly, we find that the risk of high financial burdens varied by the type of insurance among the insured due to differences in benefits among the five separate public schemes that provided health insurance in the pre-reform period

Financial burden of health care expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003

We examine whether and to what extent the health insurance system in Turkey provided adequate protection against high out of pocket expenditures in the period prior to “The Health Transformation Programme” (HTP) for the non elderly population. We measure health care burdens as the share of out of pocket health care expenditures within family income. We define high burdens as expenses above 10 and 20 percent of income. We find that 19 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 10 percent of family income and that 14 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 20 percent of family income on health care. Furthermore, the poor and those living in economically less developed regions had the greatest risk of high out of pocket burdens. More significantly, we find that the risk of high financial burdens varied by the type of insurance among the insured due to differences in benefits among the five separate public schemes that provided health insurance in the pre-reform period

Financial burden of health care expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003

We examine whether and to what extent the health insurance system in Turkey provided adequate protection against high out of pocket expenditures in the period prior to “The Health Transformation Programme” (HTP) for the non elderly population. We measure health care burdens as the share of out of pocket health care expenditures within family income. We define high burdens as expenses above 10 and 20 percent of income. We find that 19 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 10 percent of family income and that 14 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 20 percent of family income on health care. Furthermore, the poor and those living in economically less developed regions had the greatest risk of high out of pocket burdens. More significantly, we find that the risk of high financial burdens varied by the type of insurance among the insured due to differences in benefits among the five separate public schemes that provided health insurance in the pre-reform period