Actividades lúdicas para desarrollar la psicomotricidad en estudiantes, IEI N° 304, Chota

El presente proyecto de investigación titulado Actividades lúdicas para desarrollar la psicomotricidad en estudiantes, IEI N° 304, Chota; tiene el propósito de establecer en qué medida, las actividades lúdicas, favorecen el nivel de psicomotricidad, en estudiantes de 5 años, IEI N° 304, Chota; cuya hipótesis fue contrastada con la prueba estadística t de Student en una investigación de cohorte longitudinal. La investigación, correspondió a un nivel aplicativo explicativo, y diseño pre-experimental en su modalidad de pretest y postest, con uso de un solo grupo muestra conformado por 16 niños de 5 años. Los resultados indicaron que la aplicación de las actividades lúdicas, en calidad de estrategia didáctica, favorecen el nivel de psicomotricidad, en estudiantes de 5 años, IEI N° 304, Chota.Trabajo de Investigació

Prevalencia de anemia ferropenica en niños de 24 a 59 meses y su relación con los hábitos de consumo alimentario de hierro y suplementos nutricionales, en el Municipio de Guazapa, San Salvador, en el periodo de mayo a julio de 2018.

La anemia ferropenica es el tipo más común de anemia en el mundo, siendo esta la carencia nutricional más prevalente principalmente en países subdesarrollados. Las causas o factores predisponentes para desarrollar anemia en los niños son: la ingesta insuficiente de hierro dietético, patrones culturales de las familias, la escasez de recursos económicos de las familias que impiden una dieta balanceada y la presencia de parasitismo intestinal, entre otros. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de anemia ferropenica en los niños del municipio de guazapa, y su relación con los patrones culturales y hábitos de consumo de alimentos ricos en hierro, así como la existencia de un adecuado uso y administración de suplementos de hierro de forma preventiva y terapéutica. Además se determinó la tasa de prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal, como factor contribuyente al aparecimiento de esta deficiencia en los niños

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy at 14 Tesla and Correlative Histopathology of Human Brain Tumor Tissue

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (MRM) can provide high microstructural detail in excised human lesions. Previous MRM images on some experimental models and a few human samples suggest the large potential of the technique. The aim of this study was the characterization of specific morphological features of human brain tumor samples by MRM and correlative histopathology. We performed MRM imaging and correlative histopathology in 19 meningioma and 11 glioma human brain tumor samples obtained at surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first MRM direct structural characterization of human brain tumor samples. MRM of brain tumor tissue provided images with 35 to 40 µm spatial resolution. The use of MRM to study human brain tumor samples provides new microstructural information on brain tumors for better classification and characterization. The correlation between MRM and histopathology images allowed the determination of image parameters for critical microstructures of the tumor, like collagen patterns, necrotic foci, calcifications and/or psammoma bodies, vascular distribution and hemorrhage among others. Therefore, MRM may help in interpreting the Clinical Magnetic Resonance images in terms of cell biology processes and tissue patterns. Finally, and most importantly for clinical diagnosis purposes, it provides three-dimensional information in intact samples which may help in selecting a preferential orientation for the histopathology slicing which contains most of the informative elements of the biopsy. Overall, the findings reported here provide a new and unique microstructural view of intact human brain tumor tissue. At this point, our approach and results allow the identification of specific tissue types and pathological features in unprocessed tumor samples

Gene co-expression architecture in peripheral blood in a cohort of remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients

A better understanding of schizophrenia subtypes is necessary to stratify the patients according to clinical attributes. To explore the genomic architecture of schizophrenia symptomatology, we analyzed blood co-expression modules and their association with clinical data from patients in remission after a first episode of schizophrenia. In total, 91 participants of the 2EPS project were included. Gene expression was assessed using the Clariom S Human Array. Weighted-gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modules of co-expressed genes and to test its correlation with global functioning, clinical symptomatology, and premorbid adjustment. Among the 25 modules identified, six modules were significantly correlated with clinical data. These modules could be clustered in two groups according to their correlation with clinical data. Hub genes in each group showing overlap with risk genes for schizophrenia were enriched in biological processes related to metabolic processes, regulation of gene expression, cellular localization and protein transport, immune processes, and neurotrophin pathways. Our results indicate that modules with significant associations with clinical data showed overlap with gene sets previously identified in differential gene-expression analysis in brain, indicating that peripheral tissues could reveal pathogenic mechanisms. Hub genes involved in these modules revealed multiple signaling pathways previously related to schizophrenia, which may represent the complex interplay in the pathological mechanisms behind the disease. These genes could represent potential targets for the development of peripheral biomarkers underlying illness traits in clinical remission stages after a first episode of schizophrenia

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF PURSLANE (Portulaca oleracea L.) ON YOLK OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS CONTENT, EGG QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RHODE ISLAND RED HENS

This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg purslane meal on yolk ω-3 fatty acids content, egg quality and productive performance in Rhode Island Red laying hens. Sixty-four hens of 30 weeks of age, with an average body weight of 2100 g, were randomly allocated into four treatments: 0 g/kg (negative control), 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg purslane meal, and 14.7 g/kg flaxseed oil (positive control) in the diet. Hens were housed in cages equipped with individual feeders and drinking troughs. They received food and water ad libitum and 18 h of light during 56 days. The inclusion of 200 g/kg purslane and 14.7 g/kg flaxseed oil in laying hens diet showed higher (P 0.05) parameters of egg quality such as egg longitudinal and transverse diameter, albumin and yolk diameter, yolk height, and yolk weight. Hens that received 200 g/kg purslane in their diet increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion compared with those fed with the negative control. It was concluded that the dietary inclusion of both 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg purslane increases yolk ω-3 fatty acids content without any adverse effect on egg quality traits and productive performance of Rhode Island Red hens

Impairment of Protective Immunity to Blood-Stage Malaria by Concurrent Nematode Infection

Helminthiases, which are highly prevalent in areas where malaria is endemic, have been shown to modulate or suppress the immune response to unrelated antigens or pathogens. In this study, we established a murine model of coinfection with a gastrointestinal nematode parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and the blood-stage malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi AS in order to investigate the modulation of antimalarial immunity by concurrent nematode infection. Chronic infection with the nematode for 2, 3, or 5 weeks before P. chabaudi AS infection severely impaired the ability of C57BL/6 mice to control malaria, as demonstrated by severe mortality and significantly increased malaria peak parasitemia levels. Coinfected mice produced significantly lower levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) during P. chabaudi AS infection than mice infected with malaria alone. Concurrent nematode infection also suppressed production of type 1-associated, malaria-specific immunoglobulin G2a. Mice either infected with the nematode alone or coinfected with the nematode and malaria had high transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels, and concurrent nematode and malaria infections resulted in high levels of interleukin-10 in vivo. Splenic CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DC) from mice infected with malaria alone and coinfected mice showed similarly increased expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86, but DC from coinfected mice were unable to induce CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and optimal IFN-γ production in response to the malaria antigen in vitro. Importantly, treatment of nematode-infected mice with an anthelmintic drug prior to malaria infection fully restored protective antimalarial immunity and reduced TGF-β1 levels. These results demonstrate that concurrent nematode infection strongly modulates multiple aspects of immunity to blood-stage malaria and consequently impairs the development of protective antimalarial immunity