83 research outputs found
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Immigration Enforcement Within the United States
[From Introduction] An estimated 11 million unauthorized aliens reside in the United States, and this population is estimated to increase by 500,000 annually. Each year, approximately 1 million aliens are apprehended trying to enter the United States illegally. Although most of these aliens enter the United States for economic opportunities and family reunification, or to avoid civil strife and political unrest, some are criminals, and some may be terrorists. All are violating the United States’ immigration laws
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Border Security: U.S.-Canada Border Issues
The September 11 terrorist attacks and continued threats of future attacks have directed Congress’s attention to U.S.-Canada border security-related issues. Both countries are striving to balance adequate border security with other issues such as the facilitation of legitimate cross-border travel and commerce, and protecting civil liberties. Congress has taken action (the USA PATRIOT Act, P.L. 107-56; and the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002, P.L. 107-173) to increase the number of INS border patrol agents and inspectors at northern ports of entry and to provide these officials with additional technologically upgraded equipment
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108th Congress
This report provides background information on the main immigration-related border security issues that have been raised as a result of the terrorist attacks and resulting concern for homeland security. It describes enacted legislation in the 107th Congress as well as in previous Congresses that focus on immigration-related border security issues. The report also poses possible immigration-related border security issues the 108th Congress may consider
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107th Congress
Summary
The events of September 11 brought the Immigration and Naturalization Service
(INS) to the forefront of the nation’s attention. Although all 19 hijackers entered the
country legally, three overstayed their visas. And, on March 11, 2002, INS sent
student visa notifications for two of the (now deceased) 19 hijackers to the aviation
school they attended, provoking an intensification of long-standing criticism of INS
for weak management controls, among other things. An underlying theme of
criticism concerns what many believe are overlapping and unclear chains of
command with respect to INS’s service and enforcement functions. There appears
to be a consensus among the Administration, Congress, and commentators that the
immigration system, primarily INS, is in need of restructuring. There also appears
to be a consensus among interested parties that INS’s two main functions — service
and enforcement — need to be separated. There has not been a consensus, however,
with regard to how the restructuring should take place
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108th Congress
This report provides background information on the main immigration-related border security issues that have been raised as a result of the terrorist attacks and resulting concern for homeland security. It describes enacted legislation in the 107th Congress as well as in previous Congresses that focus on immigration-related border security issues. The report also poses possible immigration-related border security issues the 108th Congress may consider
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Federal Habeas Corpus Relief: Background, Legislation, and Issues
This report examines the issues surrounding the debate on whether to further
restrict state prisoners’ access to federal habeas corpus filings. This report does not
discuss issues related to federalism and the proper role of the federal court system in
overseeing the actions of state courts pertaining to prisoners’ constitutional rights.
The report opens with a discussion of a commission that was established in 1988 to
study and make recommendations of the then-current federal habeas corpus system
and the 1996 law that restricted prisoners’ access to federal habeas corpus relief. It
then provides an analysis of federal habeas corpus petition data since 1990. The
report examines whether the number of federal habeas corpus petitions and the time
it takes for the federal court system to process these claims have increased since the
enactment of the the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
(AEDPA). It then discusses legislation introduced in the 109th
Congress that would further restrict state prisoners’ access to federal habeas corpus
relief. The report concludes with an analysis of two dominant issues that are at the
center of this debate: delays caused by habeas corpus petitions and post-conviction
representation
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Crime Control: The Federal Response
Under the federal system in the United States, the states and localities traditionally have held the major responsibility for prevention and control of crime and maintenance of order. For most of the Republic’s history, “police powers” in the broad sense were reserved to the states under the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution. Many still hold that view, but others see a string of court decisions in recent decades as providing the basis for a far more active federal role. Several bills are discussed in this report that address issues related to crime, juvenile justice, and school violence
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