Biocompatible implant surface treatments

Surface plays a crucial role in biological interactions. Surface treatments have been applied to metallic biomaterials in order to improve their wear properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. A systematic review was performed on studies investigating the effects of implant surface treatments on biocompatibility. We searched the literature using PubMed, electronic databases from 1990 to 2009. Key words such as implant surface topography, surface roughness, surface treatment, surface characteristics, and surface coatings were used. The search was restricted to English language articles published from 1990 to December 2009. Additionally, a manual search in the major dental implant journals was performed. When considering studies, clinical studies were preferred followed by histological human studies, animal studies, and in vitro studies. A total of 115 articles were selected after elimination: clinical studies, 24; human histomorphometric studies, 11; animal histomorphometric studies, 46; in vitro studies, 34. The following observations were made in this review: The focus has shifted from surface roughness to surface chemistry and a combination of chemical manipulations on the porous structure. More investigations are done regarding surface coatings.Bone response to almost all the surface treatments was favorable.Future trend is focused on the development of osteogenic implant surfaces. Limitation of this study is that we tried to give a broader overview related to implant surface treatments. It does not give any conclusion regarding the best biocompatible implant surface treatment investigated till date. Unfortunately, the eventually selected studies were too heterogeneous for inference of data

Denture Stomatitis: A Literature Review

Denture stomatitis is a prevalent and longstanding problem in complete denture wearers. Post denture placement produces significant changes in the oral environment that may have an adverse effect on the integrity of the oral tissues. Mucosal changes could result from a mechanical irritation by the dentures, traumatic occlusion an accumulation of microbial plaque, fungal infection or, a toxic or allergic reaction to components of the denture material. In the present article, various etiological factors contributing to the denture stomatitis and its treatment are reviewed

Economic evaluation of therapeutic diet formulated for Foot and Mouth Disease(FMD) infected crossbred calves

The study aimed to evaluate the economics involved in the formulation of a therapeutic diet for Foot and MouthDisease and its impact on the convalescence period. A total of 22 Holstein Friesian crossbred male calves (10-12months) were considered in which 4 calves were of Control (CON) and 18 calves of treatment groups. The treatmentgroup animals namely, Therapeutic Diet-1 (TD-1), Therapeutic Diet-2 (TD-2), and Therapeutic Diet-3(TD-3) wereinfected with the FMD virus. The therapeutic diet was fed to calves in the morning and ad lib. hybrid Napier greenfodder in the afternoon. The experiment was carried out for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, animals gained18.73, 19.67, 19.10 and 19.42 kg body weight in CON, TD-1, TD-2 and TD-3 groups respectively. Body weightgain between the groups was non-significant. The total cost of feeding inclusive of both therapeutic diet and greenfodder was ₹546.24, 523.43, 521.56 and 509 respectively. Cost per kg body weight gain was also calculated. Thecost per kg body weight gain was non-significant among the groups; being highest in the CON group compared toinfected groups. It can be concluded from the present study that during FMD infectious conditions, the therapeuticdiet feeding either mash or cooked (with or without CNS) not only helped in regaining the body weight quickly butalso reduced the feeding and treatment cost

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Not AvailableThe oral lesions associated with foot-and-mouth disease negatively affect animal behavior, which can adversely impact animal production and welfare. Physical form of a therapeutic diet (TD) can improve the feed intake and wellbeing during the acute phase of FMD. Accordingly, we tested the effect of two physical forms of a previously developed TD on the behavior of calves experimentally infected with FMD virus (FMDV). Crossbred Holstein Friesian male calves of 10-12 months (n=12) were experimentally infected with a virulent strain of FMDV and were offered a TD enriched with 19% CP and 2.9 Mcal ME/kg for 11 days post-FMDV infection. One group received the TD in mash form (TDM) while the other (n=6/group) received it in cooked form (TDC). A group of four calves served as uninfected control and were fed TDM. The time spent by the calves on certain behaviours was recorded in a pre-set form from 06:00 to 18:00 h for 10 days from day 2 to 11 post-FMDV infection. The data was divided into two sessions. Session 1 (06:00 to 13:00 h) represented after the offering of TD, while session 2 (13:01 to 18:00 h) represented the data after offering green fodder. Based on exploratory data analysis, data recorded from day 2-7 post-FMDV infection showed different trends among the group was included. Linear mixed model was used by fitting treatment, day and their interaction as fixed effects while calf as random effect. Orthogonal contrast was applied by comparing the infected TDM with other two groups. The results revealed that the cooked form of TD improved the social behaviours such as ingestion time, resting time, sleeping time and licking time from day 2 to 7 post-FMDV infection as compared with the infected TDM group. Ingestive behaviour was better in the infected TDC than that of TDM group (p<0.01). The sleeping time was significantly high in the infected groups as compared to the uninfected TDM group (p<0.01) till day 6 post-FMDV infection. Social behaviours such as licking, standing and resting differed significantly between the infected TDM and TDC groups in session 1, but not in session 2. Urination and defecation did not differ significantly between the infected TDM and TDC groups. It was concluded that cooked form of TD remediated the effects of infection with FMDV.CAAS

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Congenital Oro-Nasal Defect with an Interim Prosthesis: A Case Report

Rehabilitation in patients with facial defects requires multidisciplinary approach involving a head and neck surgeon, a maxillofacial prosthodontist and a reconstructive surgeon. Here we discuss a case of mid-facial defect due to a congenital anomaly for which a sectional impression was made. A removable nasal prosthesis obturating oro-nasal defect along with an overlay partial maxillary denture for the correction of malocclusion was given to the patient till definitive reconstructive surgery was performed