Viola lobata Benth.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/20539/thumbnail.jp

Viola lobata Benth.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/20539/thumbnail.jp

Water Banks in Washington State: A Tool for Climate Resilience

Water banks—a tool for exchanging senior water rights and offsetting new ones—can address multiple problems in contemporary water law. In the era of climate change, water banks enable needed flexibility and resilience in water allocation. As growing cities require new water rights, water banks can repurpose old water for new uses. These advantages should lead the Washington State Legislature to incentivize water banks, but in the 2018 “Hirst fix” it embraced habitat restoration as a false equivalent for water. The Legislature is rightfully concerned about the speculation that some private water banks allow. But overall, water banks enable new and productive uses while maintaining water in streams. Moving forward, Washington should embrace water banks for each unique basin’s needs

A laser-driven target of high-density nuclear polarized hydrogen gas

We report the best figure-of-merit achieved for an internal nuclear polarized hydrogen gas target and a Monte Carlo simulation of spin-exchange optical pumping. The dimensions of the apparatus were optimized using the simulation and the experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation. The best result achieved for this target was 50.5% polarization with 58.2% degree of dissociation of the sample beam exiting the storage cell at a hydrogen flow rate of $1.1\times 10^{18}$ atoms/s.Comment: Accepted as a Rapid Communication article in Phys. Rev.

Optimization of the leak conductance in the squid giant axon

We report on a theoretical study showing that the leak conductance density, \GL, in the squid giant axon appears to be optimal for the action potential firing frequency. More precisely, the standard assumption that the leak current is composed of chloride ions leads to the result that the experimental value for \GL is very close to the optimal value in the Hodgkin-Huxley model which minimizes the absolute refractory period of the action potential, thereby maximizing the maximum firing frequency under stimulation by sharp, brief input current spikes to one end of the axon. The measured value of \GL also appears to be close to optimal for the frequency of repetitive firing caused by a constant current input to one end of the axon, especially when temperature variations are taken into account. If, by contrast, the leak current is assumed to be composed of separate voltage-independent sodium and potassium currents, then these optimizations are not observed.Comment: 9 pages; 9 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review

Workshop on computer applications in water management: proceedings of the 1995 workshop

Compiled and edited by L. Ahuja, J. Leppert, K. Rojas, E. Seely.Also published as: Great Plains Agricultural Council publication, no. 154.Includes bibliographical references.Presented at the Workshop on computer applications in water management: proceedings of the 1995 workshop held on May 23-25, 1995 at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado

Verbal interaction patterns in classes with teachers who had preservice training in the use of interaction process analysis compared to those without such training.

Results indicated significant differences between the verbal interaction patterns of classes where the teacher had training in interaction process analysis, and the classes where the teacher had no such training. The trained teachers explained more, gave fewer directions, accepted more pupil ideas, and rejected fewer behaviors. Pupils in the classes with the trained teachers responded with more broad answers and initiated more talk to other pupils. The classes of trained teachers had more short silences and less confusion than the classes of untrained teachers. There were no significant differences between the teachers regarding characteristic behaviors, and only one area of the pupil attitude inventory was significantly different for the two groups. Pupils in classes with teachers not trained in interaction process analysis perceived their classes to be less competitive than did the pupils in classes with teachers who were trained. The verbal behaviors of the former Professional Semester II teachers and their pupils were found to be similar to those of teachers and pupils reported in previous studies.Data collected included a systematic analysis of the verbal behaviors of teachers and pupils in a live observation using the Verbal Interaction Category System. Each teacher completed the Fundamental Interpersonal Relationships Orientation - Behavior, and all pupils completed the My Class Inventory.The design of this investigation was to compare verbal interaction behaviors in classrooms where teachers had preservice training in interaction process analysis in Professional Semester II with those of teachers who had no preservice training in interaction process analysis. The intent of this investigation was to describe and compare (1) verbal interaction behavior patterns present, (2) pupil classroom attitudes, and (3) characteristic teacher behaviors.The sample for this study was a group of six teachers who had training in interaction process analysis in Professional Semester II at the University of Oklahoma, compared to a group of six teachers who had no such training. Consideration in matching was given to number of years of experience, teaching assignment, age, sex, and grade point average

The Female Adolescent Knee

Many lower extremity anomalies are linked to an increased incidence of knee pain. A relationship between increased sports participation and knee pain has also been hypothesized. This study examined the relationship between lower extremity anomalies and the level of sports participation to knee pain. Fifty middle and high school female students completed a questionnaire to determine level of sports participation and the presence of knee pain/pathology. Measurements were made of Q angle, iliotibial band flexibility, knee hyperextension, hamstring flexibility, patella alta and calcaneal position. All variables were quantified and correlation coefficients were calculated. Stepwise multiple regression was used to evaluate relationships among the variables. No significant relationships were found between knee pain/pathology and the level of sports participation. No significant relationships were found between knee pain/pathology and the lower extremity measurements. The anatomical measurements most strongly related to knee pain/pathology were hamstring flexibility of the right leg (r=.27) and the right Q angle (r=.24). The multiple regression analysis revealed 14.7% shared variance between scores on the pain scale and right hamstring flexibility, right i1iotibia1 band flexibility, and left iliotibial band flexibility. The study also indicated the need to standardize measurement techniques and provided additional means and ranges for the lower extremity measurements made. The values found were within the established normal ranges reported in the literature