Bis[4-(dimethyl­amino)pyridinium] tetra­bromidobis(4-methyl­phen­yl)stannate(IV)

In the title compound, (C7H11N2)2[SnBr4(C7H7)2], the tetra­bromidobis(4-methyl­phen­yl)stannate(IV) anion possesses a centre of inversion located at the SnIV atom. In the crystal structure, two inversion-related cations are linked to the anion via weak N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds

Bis[4-(dimethyl­amino)pyridinium] tetra­bromidobis(4-chloro­phen­yl)stannate(IV)–4-bromo­chloro­benzene (1/1)

In the title compound, (C7H11N2)2[SnBr4(C6H4Cl)2]·C6H4BrCl, the SnIV atom in the tetra­bromidobis(4-chloro­phen­yl)stannate(IV) anion lies on a centre of inversion. The distances between the 4-(dimethyl­amino)pyridinium N atom and the Br atoms of the anion are 3.450 (2) and 3.452 (2) Å, suggesting weak hydrogen bonding. The 4-bromo­chloro­benzene solvent mol­ecule, which is a bromination by-product from the reaction, is disordered about a twofold rotation axis with approximately equal occupancy

What Remains: Pseudotranslation as Salvage

Pseudotranslations are literary works which purport to be translations of lost or suppressed originals, i.e. to be ‘salvaged’ from oblivion or obscurity. Pseudotranslation has attracted a good deal of attention within translation studies in recent years, but as a practice it can be traced back a long way. This article discusses a number of examples of the type, from Cervantes’ Don Quixote and modern works treating Shakespeare as pseudotranslated (Star Trek VI, Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia) through notable eighteenth-century examples (Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto, MacPherson’s Ossian) to non-fictional fictions The Book of Mormon and ‘Nietzsche’s’ fraudulent late autobiography My Sister and I. Readers of translations usually trust that an original exists, and pseudotranslations abuse that trust. But even when an original does exist, translation performs a kind of salvage operation, acting as a kind of lifeboat which rescues a text from the passing of time and keeps it afloat for posterity

catena-Poly[[triphenyl­tin(IV)]-μ-2-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy­benz­yl)sulfan­yl]acetato-κ2 O:O′]

The title compound, [Sn(C6H5)3(C17H25O3S)]n, comprises two symmetry-independent five-coordinated triphenyl­tin mol­ecules which are linked by carboxyl­ate bridges into a polymeric chain. The SnIV atom is in a distorted trans-C3SnO2 trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The presence of two bulky tert-butyl groups on the benzene ring prevents any hydrogen-bonding inter­actions involving the hydroxyl substituents

Open Datasheets: Machine-readable Documentation for Open Datasets and Responsible AI Assessments

This paper introduces a no-code, machine-readable documentation framework for open datasets, with a focus on responsible AI (RAI) considerations. The framework aims to improve comprehensibility, and usability of open datasets, facilitating easier discovery and use, better understanding of content and context, and evaluation of dataset quality and accuracy. The proposed framework is designed to streamline the evaluation of datasets, helping researchers, data scientists, and other open data users quickly identify datasets that meet their needs and organizational policies or regulations. The paper also discusses the implementation of the framework and provides recommendations to maximize its potential. The framework is expected to enhance the quality and reliability of data used in research and decision-making, fostering the development of more responsible and trustworthy AI systems

A Bisognano-Wichmann-like Theorem in a Certain Case of a Non Bifurcate Event Horizon related to an Extreme Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Hole

Thermal Wightman functions of a massless scalar field are studied within the framework of a ``near horizon'' static background model of an extremal R-N black hole. This model is built up by using global Carter-like coordinates over an infinite set of Bertotti-Robinson submanifolds glued together. The analytical extendibility beyond the horizon is imposed as constraints on (thermal) Wightman's functions defined on a Bertotti-Robinson sub manifold. It turns out that only the Bertotti-Robinson vacuum state, i.e. $T=0$, satisfies the above requirement. Furthermore the extension of this state onto the whole manifold is proved to coincide exactly with the vacuum state in the global Carter-like coordinates. Hence a theorem similar to Bisognano-Wichmann theorem for the Minkowski space-time in terms of Wightman functions holds with vanishing ``Unruh-Rindler temperature''. Furtermore, the Carter-like vacuum restricted to a Bertotti-Robinson region, resulting a pure state there, has vanishing entropy despite of the presence of event horizons. Some comments on the real extreme R-N black hole are given

Global Livestock Production Systems

Informed livestock sector policy development and priority setting is heavily dependent on a good understanding of livestock production systems. In a collaborative effort between the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Livestock Research Institute, stock has been taken of where we have come from in agricultural systems classification and mapping; the current state of the art; and the directions in which research and data collection efforts need to take in the future. The book also addresses issues relating to the intensity and scale of production, moving from what is done to how it is done. The intensification of production is an area of particular importance, for it is in the intensive systems that changes are occurring most rapidly and where most information is needed on the implications that intensification of production may have for livelihoods, poverty alleviation, animal diseases, public health and environmental outcomes. A series of case studies is provided, linking livestock production systems to rural livelihoods and poverty and examples of the application of livestock production system maps are drawn from livestock production, now and in the future; livestock's impact on the global environment; animal and public health; and livestock and livelihoods. This book provides a formal reference to Version 5 of the global livestock production systems map, and to revised estimates of the numbers of rural poor livestock keepers, by country and livestock production system. These maps and data are freely available for download via FAO's web pages: www.fao.org/AG/againfo/resources/en/glw/home.html. It is hoped that this publication will stimulate further work in this field and encourage the use of livestock production systems information and maps in research and analysis

Geometric entropy, area, and strong subadditivity

The trace over the degrees of freedom located in a subset of the space transforms the vacuum state into a density matrix with non zero entropy. This geometric entropy is believed to be deeply related to the entropy of black holes. Indeed, previous calculations in the context of quantum field theory, where the result is actually ultraviolet divergent, have shown that the geometric entropy is proportional to the area for a very special type of subsets. In this work we show that the area law follows in general from simple considerations based on quantum mechanics and relativity. An essential ingredient of our approach is the strong subadditive property of the quantum mechanical entropy.Comment: Published versio