The Retrospective Evaluation of Periorbital Dermoid Cyst

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical features of dermoid cysts, which are orbital benign congenital choristomas, and the findings of accompanying inflammation. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients were analyzed retrospectively, who underwent mass excision with the prediagnosis of dermoid cyst, between February 2008-January 2012, in our clinic and were diagnosed with dermoid cyst with histopathological examination. All patients underwent routine ophthalmological examination and radiological imaging. The localization of dermoid cyst in patients, the presence of inflammation in radiological and histopathological examinations, excavation of bone tissue, adhesion of the surrounding tissue and histologically content were evaluated. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) test was used for statistical analysis. P-value lower than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of a total of 48 patients; 26 female and 22 male was determined as 14.5±14.8 years (1-59 years, median age 9 years). In addition to mass complaint in all patients, pain in two patients (4.1%), rash in four patients (8.1%) and ptosis in one patient were detected. In the radiological examination (Orbital MRI-CT), signs of inflammation were detected in one patient. Histopathologically, there was evidence of inflammation in 29 patients (59%). It has been observed that, the presence of inflammation increased with increasing age and mass size (p=001, p=0.022). It has been observed that, adhesion seen around the dermoid mass perioperatively were associated with the increasing mass size (p=0.001). The frequency of inflammation were increasing with age. Bone tissue adhesions and fibrous encapsulation were observed in 31 patients (63%). In one patient, bone tissue change was detected in orbital MRI or CT, bone excavation was observed in 16 patients (32.7%) during the operation. Conclusion: Although, there are no compatible findings in clinical and radiological examinations, inflammation and surrounding tissue changes caused by dermoid mass has been observed to begin early period. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 461-4

Anterior Segment Findings in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anterior segment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare them with those of healthy reproductive-age female volunteers. Materials and Methods: The study included 50 right eyes of 50 women with PCOS (group 1) and 50 right eyes of 50 healthy women (group 2). Intraocular pressure, Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up time and central corneal thickness were evaluated in all subjects. Correlations between serum hormone (estradiol and testosterone) levels and observed findings were also investigated. Results: Mean central corneal thickness values were significantly higher in the PCOS group (p=0.001). The mean intraocular pressures values were similar between the two groups (p=0.560). Schirmer’s test results and tear film break-up time values were significantly lower in the PCOS group (p=0.001 and p=0.001 respectively). Serum estradiol levels were moderately positively correlated with mean central corneal thickness (r=0.552), weakly positively correlated with intraocular pressure (r=0.351) and weakly negatively correlated with tear film break-up time (r=-0.393). Serum free testosterone levels were weakly correlated with intraocular pressure (r=0.342) and central corneal thickness (r=0.303), and showed weak negative correlations with Schirmer’s test results (r=-0.562) and tear film break-up time (r=-0.502). Conclusion: PCOS leads to physiological and structural changes in the eye. Dry eye symptoms were more severe and central corneal thickness measurements were greater in patients with PCOS. Those are correlated serum testosterone and estradiol levels

Hyphema as a Complication of Blunt Ocular Trauma and Additional Ocular Findings

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of angle recession, commotio retinae, and other ocular findings in patients with hyphema due to blunt ocular trauma. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 66 patients hospitalized between July 2010 and May 2012 with a diagnosis of traumatic hyphema were retrospectively reviewed. The age, gender, period between injury and the first examination, visual acuity at presentation, intraocular pressure (IOP), time of disappearance of hyphema, cause of blunt injury, additional ocular findings, medical and/or surgical treatment, follow-up time, and visual outcome were noted. Results: The mean age of the patients was 23.8±19.2 years. Males constituted the 83.3% of the whole group. Game-related injury (43.9%) and work-related injury (22.7%) were the most common causes of blunt trauma. The bead gun was the most common tool involved in injury. Angle recession was detected in 36 patients (54.5%). Development of secondary glaucoma was higher in the patients with angle recession (chi-square test, p<0.05). Commotio retinae was observed in 47% of patients. The mean visual acuity at presentation was 0.4±0.3, while at the last visit, it was 0.8±0.3. There was a statistically significant difference between baseline and final visual acuity (paired-samples t-test, p<0.001). Conclusion: Hyphema due to blunt ocular trauma is observed mostly in young men and children. The most common blunt ocular injuries are game-and work-related. Angle recession and commotio retinae are the main complications of blunt ocular trauma causing hyphema. In cases with blunt ocular trauma, the presence of hyphema makes it difficult to examine the anterior chamber angle and the fundus. It is important to perform these investigations at the earliest stage to manage the complications since commotio retinae and angle recession accompany many cases with hyphema. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 19-22

Increased Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Retinal Structure Changes on Optical Coherence Tomography in Pediatric Alport Syndrome Patients

Objective. To evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of pediatric Alport syndrome (AS) patients with no retinal pathology on fundus examination. Materials and Methods. Twenty-one patients being followed up with the diagnosis of AS (Group 1) and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (Group 2) were prospectively evaluated. All participants underwent standard ophthalmologic examination, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) analysis, and horizontal and vertical scan macula enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). Statistical analysis of the data obtained in this study was performed with SPSS 15.0. Results. Macula thickness was significantly decreased in the temporal quadrant in Group 1 compared to those of the control group (p=0.013). RNFL measurements revealed statistically significant thinning in the temporal, superior, inferotemporal, and inferonasal quadrants and in average thicknesses in cases with AS compared to the controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.022, p=0.016, p<0.001, respectively). The mean subfoveal coronial thickness (SCT) was 362.2 ± 77.8 μm in Group 1 and 256,18 ± 71.7 μm in Group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean CT (p<0.001). Conclusion. OCT provides valuable information in identifying the structural changes and evaluation of ocular findings in patients with AS. Even if no pathological retinal findings were found in the clinical examination, structural changes in the OCT examination begin in early period of AS