Imports versus Domestic Production: A Demand System Analysis of the U.S. Red Wine Market

This research estimates price and expenditure elasticities of U.S. red wine imports from five countries--Italy, France, Spain, Australia, and Chile--which are compared to elasticities of domestically produced red wine using the first-difference version of the almost ideal demand system (AIDS). Expenditure elasticity results indicate that if U.S. total expenditures on red wine increase, domestic producers would gain most. Empirical results for conditional own-price elasticities of demand indicate that U.S. and Chilean red wines are elastic while U.S. demand for red wines from other countries are highly inelastic. Due to the magnitude of consumption of U.S. domestic red wines relative to imports, an increase in the price of U.S. wine results in a decline in quantity demanded that is six times larger than that for French and Italian red wines and over 20 times larger than that of other import countries. Results suggest that U.S. red-wine producers could increase their total revenue by decreasing prices, while Italian and French producers can increase total revenues by increasing prices.imports, red wines, Almost Ideal Demand System, AIDS, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade,

IMPORT DEMAND FOR DISAGGREGATED FRESH FRUITS IN JAPAN

Using annual Japanese fresh fruit import data from 1971 to 1997, this study analyzes the import patterns of Japan's seven most popular fresh fruits by implementing and testing a general differential dmand system that nests four alternative import demand specifications. When tested against the general system using the five-good case (bananas, grapefutis, oranges, and lemons and aggregating pineapples, berries, and grapes), the analysis rejects the Almost Ideal Demand System and National Bureau of Research specifications but does not reject Rotterdam and Central Bureau of Statistics models. When estimated using the six-good case (bananas, grapefuits, oranges, lemons, and pineapples and aggregating berries and grapes), the analysis rejects all specifications except the Rotterdam model.Almost Ideal Demand System, consumer demand, fruit, import demand, Japan, Rotterdam, Demand and Price Analysis, C3, F1, Q0,

Import Demand for Disaggregated Fresh Fruits in Japan

Using annual Japanese fresh fruit import data from 1971-1997, this study analyzes the import patterns of Japan's seven most popular fresh fruits by implementing and testing a general differential demand system that nests four alternative import demand specifications. When tested against the general system using the five-good case (bananas, grapefruits, oranges, and lemons and aggregating pineapples, berries, and grapes), the analysis rejects the AIDS and NBR specifications, but does not reject Rotterdam and CBS. When estimated using the six-good case (bananas, grapefruits, oranges, lemons, pineapples, and aggregating berries and grapes), the analysis rejects all specifications except the Rotterdam model.Almost Ideal Demand System, consumer demand, fruit, import demand, Japan, Rotterdam model, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade,

TRADE AGREEMENTS, COMPETITION, AND THE ENVIRONMENT: GRIDLOCK AT THE CROSSROADS

Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade,

DO THE JAPANESE DISCRIMINATE AGAINST AUSTRALIAN BEEF IMPORTS?: EVIDENCE FROM THE DIFFERENTIAL APPROACH

This paper considers an application of the differential approach to Japanese demand for beef imports from 1970 to 1993. Results of homothetic demand and negative (significant) own-price elasticities indicate that the Japanese did not discriminate against Australian beef, but the decrease in Australia's trade shares was due to changes in relative prices.Japan, Beef Imports, Rotterdam model, CBS model, International Relations/Trade,

The Optimal Processor Tariff Under the Byrd Amendment

International Relations/Trade,

Sweetener-Ethanol Complex in Brazil, the United States, and Mexico: Do Corn and Sugar Prices Matter?

Sugar is a major commodity, produced and traded around the world, but it is no longer the only sweetener. For example, in the United States, roughly 50 percent of the sweetener market is made up of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), which is also making inroads into Mexico. This is not the case, however, for the European Union and countries such as Brazil, which dominates the world sugar market in almost all aspects (Schmitz, 2002). In the United States, 8 to 10 percent of the U.S. corn crop goes into HFCS production, with roughly the same percentage of corn being used for the production of ethanol (Schmitz and Polopolous, 1999). In Brazil, however, sugarcane, rather than corn, is used in the production of ethanol. Because of relative price differences for corn and sugar, along with government subsidies, countries like Brazil will remain heavily dependent on sugar for both its sweetener needs and ethanol production.International Relations/Trade, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Ethanol from Sugar: The Case of Hidden Sugar Subsidies in Brazil

Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,