Management measures to be taken for the enterprises in difficulty during times of global crisis: An empirical study

AbstractGlobal crises affect the economic activities of countries in both macro and micro level. With the crises, accounting and financing practices gain crucial importance in enterprises. In other words, enterprises face the necessity of taking certain financing measures in order to survive the in the crisis environment. In this study, firstly the theoretical approaches concerning the financing measures to be taken by enterprises in crises are presented. The second part of the study is devoted to the survey prepared on the basis of the said theoretical framework and through which the enterprises’ views on the financing measures they take during times of economic crises were asked for

First Report of Chryseobacterium sp. from Koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Turkey

In this study, we isolated Chryseobacterium sp. from koi in Turkey. The disease outbreak occurred in fish weighing 10-300g (water temperature 9-10°C) in November 2011- February 2012. The cumulative mortality rate was approximately 55% over 4 months. Infected koi exhibited anorexia, weakness, emaciation, damage to dorsal and caudal fins, grey-white skin discoloration (1-1.5cm) in the head area, large open wounds in skin with disease progression, necropsy findings, paleness of the liver, enlarged spleen and kidney, acidic fluid in the body cavity. Samples for bacteriological examinations were collected from the kidney, liver, and spleen using sterile swabs; these samples were streaked onto Anacker ordal Agar and incubated at 18°C for 48 h. Five bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased fish. Phenotypic characteristics of the isolates were determined by conventional methods and rapid identification kits, API 20NE, and API ZYM. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that isolate Sin57 belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium, with highest sequence similarity (98.5 %) to C. aahli T68T and C. limigenitum SUR2

Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants against Bacterial Fish Pathogens

In this study, chemical compositions and in vitro antibacterial activities the components of essential oils and extracts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia var. Super), and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) against fish pathogens: Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Lactococcus garvieae, Staphylococcus warneri, Vagacoccus salmoninarum) were investigated with Well Diffusion Agar assay. The composition of the essential oils and extracts were analyzed with GC/MS and HPLC, respectively. A total of 42 components in sage, 39 in rosemary, 44 in lavender, and 46 in hyssop were detected. As a result of this study, the sage and rosemary oils exhibited a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect (a strong antibacterial effect against Gram (+) and Gram (-) pathogens). Lavandin oil also showed a strong antibacterial effect against a majority of pathogens. The spectrum of inhibitory activity of hyssop oil was found narrower than other plant oils. In further studies, in vivo antibacterial effects of sage, rosemary and lavandin essential oils should be investigated

Effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Sage (Salvia officinalis) Essential Oils on Disease Resistance against Aeromonas sobria in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

In this study, the chemical composition and the antibacterial properties against Aeromonas sobria of the essential oils of rosemary and sage in gold fish were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the first time. The major constituents were eucalyptol (26.36 %) and camphor (29.17 %) for rosemary essential oil and eucalyptol (27.08 %), thujone (20.52 %) and camphor (16.99 %) for sage oil. In vitro antibacterial effects of essential oils against A. sobria were detected by agar diffusion assay. The in vitro antibacterial effect of rosemary (20±2.82 mm) and sage (18.5±2.12 mm) essential oils (1000 µl ml-1) were determined to be strong against A. sobria (p˂0.05). The effects of the essential oils on the disease resistance of goldfish were also investigated. Fish (5±0.15 g) were fed with different concentrations (0, 1.0 and 3.0 ml kg-1) of each essential oil for 45 days. After feeding, the fish were challenged with A. sobria. Dietary administration of sage essential oil (1.0 and 3.0 ml kg-1) and rosemary oil (3 ml kg-1 ) resulted in a significant reduction in mortality due to A. sobria compared to control fish. Our results suggest that these plant oils could provide an alternative for A. sobria infection control in aquaculture

New rRNA primers for the detection of Vibrio anguillarum

In this work, 51 V. anguillarum isolates (42/51 of O1 serotype, 9/51 of O2) obtained from cultivated marine fish by Avsever and Ün (2015) were used. These isolates were confirmed with universal primers specific to amiB genes. They were also detected successfully at a rate of 100% with a new primer couple designed according to 16S ribosomal RNA sequence. The new primers were found to have a high sensitivity and specificity but were liable to give a cross-reaction with Vibrio ordalii

Computed Tomography Findings in Deep Neck Infections in Children

Aim: This study aims to review the computed tomography (CT) findings in children with deep neck infections. The crucial role of CT in the diagnosis is emphasized. Methods: Contrast enhanced CT images and medical records of twelve children (4 girls, 8 boys, age range: 1-14 years, mean age: 9) diagnosed with deep neck infection were retrospectively evaluated. Positive CT findings of deep neck infection were: cellulitis, increased fatty tissue echogenicity, loss of soft tissue planes, myositis, and necrotic lymphadenopathy; presence of phlegmon, peritonsillar, retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal abscess. The first four findings were considered as ‘early findings’ while the presence of an abscess indicated advanced infection and was solely enough to make a diagnosis. Results: 42% of the children with deep neck infections had necrotic cervical lymphadenopathies. 5 children (52%) had cellulitis, 11 (92%) had increased fatty tissue dansity, and 6 (50%) children had myositis. Deep neck abscesses (3 retropharyngeal, 4 parapharyngeal, 2 peritonsillar) were depicted in 7 children and phlegmon in one child. 2 patients had combined parapharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscesses. The most frequent type was parapharyngeal abcess. Conclusion: CT imaging has a crucial role in the diagnosis and follow-up of deep neck infections in children and is the preferred modality of choice. (The Me­di­cal Bul­le­tin of Ha­se­ki 2014; 52: 34-8

Sanayi Domatesi Üretimi ve Pazarlamasında Karşılaşılan Sorunlar: İzmir İli Torbalı İlçesi Örneği

One of the most important vegetables grown in the world tomato is one of the important raw materials in the food industry. In the industrial tomato production in Turkey it is among the major producing countries worldwide. Turkey is among the major industrial tomato producer countries in the World. Izmir province is in the third place in terms of cultivation area and production amount of industrial tomato. The main material of the research was collected from the questionnaires made with 67 producers in Torbali. In this study, the problems of producers related to industrial tomato production and marketing determined, and suggestions for solutions to these problems have been made. The uncertainty of industrial tomato prices, not to pay in advance the buyers, lack of the farmer association and the product losses are the main marketing problems of the producers. The producers, the processers and the country will be able to generate more income, by increasing the value added of the products and by processing the agricultural products in various industrial facilities.Dünyada yetiştiriciliği yapılan önemli sebzelerden biri olan domates, gıda sanayiinde önemli hammaddelerden birisidir. Sanayi domatesi üretiminde ise Türkiye dünyada önemli üretici ülkeler arasındadır. İzmir İli, sanayi domatesi ekiliş alanı ve üretim miktarı açısından üçüncü sırada yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın ana materyalini Torbalı'da 67 üretici ile yapılan anketlerden derlenen veriler oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada, İzmir'in önemli sanayi domatesi üretim yerlerinden biri olan Torbalı'da üreticilerin domates üretimi ve pazarlama açısından yaşadığı sorunlar ortaya koyulmuş ve bu sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Sanayi domatesi fiyatlarının belirsizliği, alıcının peşin ödeme yapmaması, üretici birliğinin olmaması ve ürün kayıplarının olması üreticilerin pazarlama ile ilgili önemli sorunlarıdır. Tarım ürünlerinin çeşitli sanayi tesislerinde işlenerek ürünlerin katma değerinin arttırılması yoluyla hem üretici hem işleyici hem de ülke ekonomisi daha fazla gelir elde edebilecektir

Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerin Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Üzerinde Anestezik Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada karanfil (Eugenia caryophylatta) yağına alternatif olarak nane yağı (Menta piperita) ve lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia) yağlarının gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss) üzerinde anestezik etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Balıklar anesteziye giriş için uçucu yağların farklı dozlarına (30, 40, 50, 100, 150 ve 200 mg/l) maruz bırakılmıştır. Sonuçlar, karanfil yağı ve nane yağının dozu arttıkça anesteziye giriş süresinin kısaldığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, bu anesteziklerin dozu arttıkça anesteziden çıkış süresi uzamıştır. Karanfil yağının 40 ve 50 mg/l dozları ve nane yağının 200 mg/l dozu benzer anestezik etki göstermiştir. Lavanta yağı ise gökkuşağı alabalıklarında sedatif etki göstermiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında nane yağının gökkuşağı alabalıklarında anestezik olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir