Busing to Desegregate Schools: The Perspective From Congress

The controversy over transporting pupils to desegregate schools or busing as the issue popularly is known, is the narrowest and perhaps most limited aspect of school desegregation. Yet, it threatens to undo school desegregation completely unless the issue is re- solved in a way which will permit continued desegregation of schools accompanied by the understanding and support of the majority of people of all races

'David as reader': 2 Samuel 12: 1-15 and the poetics of fatherhood

In this thesis, the concept of the character as reader is explored as a means of revealing the poetics of the text of 2 Samuel. A preliminary examination of David's interpretation of the story of the Amalekite messenger in 2 Sam 1 leads to the conclusion that the polysemy of the Amalekite's utterances is turned against him. David as reader re-writes the Amalekite's utterances. This leads to a theoretical investigation of what it might mean to refer to a character as reader. The concept of mise en abyme suggests that the character's reading may be both a model and an antimodel of the reading strategy revealed by the character. The concept of the 'character as reader' is then investigated using theories of the literary character from Aristotle to Greimas coupled with theories of reading as inference and the linguistic theories of Bakhtin and Austin. These all combine to reinforce the contention that meaning is a dialogic process, dependent on the response of the interlocutor, but in inviting response, provokes the hearer or reader to utter. The character as reader is defined as a signed site of translation, a particular interpretative transformation of perlocutionary force into illocution which is given coherence by a proper name. Character as reader is character as utterer. This definition is then used to look at two stories where David 'interprets' a text, 2 Samuel 12: 1-15 and 2 Sam 14. Here the parodic relationship between these two texts is explored, and the difference in reading stances which are labelled by the name David is pointed out. This parodic relationship foregrounds the fact that both stories share the device of provoking an oath

Theoretical studies in high-performance liquid chromatography

The various modes of chromatography, particularly liquid chromatography are discussed. Various theories of band broadening in chromatography are described, and equationssuitable for testing against experimental data are devised. In order to facilitate the interpretation of experimental data, diffusion coefficients for a number of solute /eluent pairswere measured directly by the chromatographic broadening technique using glass capillary tubing and HPLC detection technology. Band broadening by axial diffusion was examined by the interrupted flow technique This enabled determination of the obstructive factor for both excluded and retained solutes. The relative rate of diffusion in the stationary phase was also obtained frc these experiments. Band broadening by slow mass transfer was examined by determining plate heights using large (50 - 540um) particles and high reduced velocities. Although it was not possible to ignore flow effects in this experiment, reasonable assumptions bring the experimental data into the range predicted by the non -equilibrium theory. The retention dependence of the data was also in agreement with this theory. In a completely different vein, a computer model was developed to investigate the mechanism of size -exclusion chromatography. This model consisted of randoe, -sized touching non -overlapping spheres. Although the model did not adequately fit the results, this was probably due to differences in porosity and pore-size distribution than to any effect of pore shape. Pore shape was not found to be critical in these studies. An alternative model consisted of cylindrical pores whose radii were determined by the pore-size distribution of the material in question. Initial results were encouraging, and better data may lead to a good model for SEC

The role of ARNT in liver and myeloid cell function

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a transcription factor which acts as a general partner for members of the bHLH/PAS family of transcription factors. To investigate the effect of long term ARNT deletion in hepatocyte and myeloid cells, we created 2 lines of mice with ARNT deletion in these cells. Mice lacking hepatocyte ARNT had impaired glucose tolerance, increased gluconeogenesis, decreased ATP and increased post-prandial serum triglycerides. However, in contrast to type 2 diabetes (T2D) hepatic ARNT deletion resulted in decreased liver steatosis. Importantly, these changes became non-significant after high fat diet (HFD). Decreased ARNT in myeloid cells led to decreased cytokine expression, decreased phagocytosis, decreased bactericidal activity, impaired response to infection, and impaired wound healing. Again, the phenotype of impaired wound healing equilibrated in a diabetic milieu. In addition mice lacking ARNT in myeloid cells displayed impaired glucose tolerance on HFD and paradoxically increased liver inflammation. In human monocytes ARNT mRNA correlated negatively with serum cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-α. This data demonstrates that ARNT has important roles in hepatocyte and myeloid cell function and suggests that modulation of this transcription factor could be used in future therapy for diabetes and disorders of immune function