78 research outputs found
Multi-mode Gaussian State Analysis with Total Photon Counting
The continuing improvement in the qualities of photon-number-resolving
detectors opens new possibilities for measuring quantum states of light. In
this work we consider the question of what properties of an arbitrary multimode
Gaussian state are determined by a single photon-number-resolving detector that
measures total photon number. We find an answer to this question in the ideal
case where the exact photon-number probabilities are known. We show that the
quantities determined by the total photon number distribution are the spectrum
of the covariance matrix, the absolute displacement in each eigenspace of the
covariance matrix, and nothing else. In the case of pure Gaussian states, the
spectrum determines the squeezing parameters
Improving quantum state detection with adaptive sequential observations
For many quantum systems intended for information processing, one detects the
logical state of a qubit by integrating a continuously observed quantity over
time. For example, ion and atom qubits are typically measured by driving a
cycling transition and counting the number of photons observed from the
resulting fluorescence. Instead of recording only the total observed count in a
fixed time interval, one can observe the photon arrival times and get a state
detection advantage by using the temporal structure in a model such as a Hidden
Markov Model. We study what further advantage may be achieved by applying
pulses to adaptively transform the state during the observation. We give a
three-state example where adaptively chosen transformations yield a clear
advantage, and we compare performances on an ion example, where we see
improvements in some regimes. We provide a software package that can be used
for exploration of temporally resolved strategies with and without adaptively
chosen transformations.Comment: Submitted for publication in Quantum Science and Technology. 26
pages, 8 figures. Corrected typos in appendix, updated acknowledgement
The statistical strength of experiments to reject local realism with photon pairs and inefficient detectors
Because of the fundamental importance of Bell's theorem, a loophole-free
demonstration of a violation of local realism (LR) is highly desirable. Here,
we study violations of LR involving photon pairs. We quantify the experimental
evidence against LR by using measures of statistical strength related to the
Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, as suggested by van Dam et al. [W. van Dam,
R. Gill and P. Grunwald, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. 51, 2812 (2005)].
Specifically, we analyze a test of LR with entangled states created from two
independent polarized photons passing through a polarizing beam splitter. We
numerically study the detection efficiency required to achieve a specified
statistical strength for the rejection of LR depending on whether photon
counters or detectors are used. Based on our results, we find that a test of LR
free of the detection loophole requires photon counters with efficiencies of at
least 89.71%, or photon detectors with efficiencies of at least 91.11%. For
comparison, we also perform this analysis with ideal unbalanced Bell states,
which are known to allow rejection of LR with detector efficiencies above 2/3.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, minor changes (add more references, replace the
old plots, etc.)
Constraints on Gaussian Error Channels and Measurements for Quantum Communication
Joint Gaussian measurements of two quantum systems can be used for quantum
communication between remote parties, as in teleportation or entanglement
swapping protocols. Many types of physical error sources throughout a protocol
can be modeled by independent Gaussian error channels acting prior to
measurement. In this work we study joint Gaussian measurements on two modes
and that take place after independent single-mode
Gaussian error channels, for example loss with parameters and
followed by added noise with parameters and
. We show that, for any Gaussian measurement, if then the effective total
measurement is separable and unsuitable for teleportation or entanglement
swapping of arbitrary input states. If this inequality is not satisfied then
there exists a Gaussian measurement that remains inseparable. We extend the
results and determine the set of pairs of single-mode Gaussian error channels
that render all Gaussian measurements separable
Imperfect Detectors in Linear Optical Quantum Computers
We discuss the effects of imperfect photon detectors suffering from loss and
noise on the reliability of linear optical quantum computers. We show that for
a given detector efficiency, there is a maximum achievable success probability,
and that increasing the number of ancillary photons and detectors used for one
controlled sign flip gate beyond a critical point will decrease the probability
that the computer will function correctly. We have also performed simulations
of some small logic gates and estimate the efficiency and noise levels required
for the linear optical quantum computer to function properly.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
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