Problem of the Integration of the Tools of Environmental Politics, VAS (Ex Directive 2001/42/CE), EMAS (Rule 761/2001/CE), and New Model of Industrial Sustainable Area

The study deepens the problem list in the application of the VAS and the new procedures relative EMAS II° to industrial areas e/o territorial organizations, and it analyzes some cases of study. The cases of study analyzed are those of the district of Solofra and the area ASI in Trapani in south Italy, and Prato in centre Italy, The objective principals of the project are integral part of the project LIFE-SIAM 2005: to define to analyze the degree of vertical integration (from the directive UEs to the local actions) and horizontal (from the partenariato for the governance to the forums of AG21L) of the principles of the sustainability and the governance in the territory beginning from the location and management of the industrial areas; the analysis of the methods experimented of shared territorial planning of the development, based on an approach multidisciplinary, comprendente partenariato, planning, evaluation and monitoring; the analysis of the levels of know managerial how and necessary planning development of a collaborative climate and of effective relationships among the Local Authorities, the citizens, the productive system, the experts and the scientific world; the analysis of the necessary professional dimensions and applications with the purpose to form new subject responsible and figures professional able to plan and to manage the governance and the sustainable development beginning from the industrial areas. The project as defined a new Model of Industrial Sustainable Area. These objectives of analysis will be pursued through the verification on the field of the state of application, the adaptation and the integration of different community tools of environmental politics, what the Evaluation Environmental Strategy (VAS), ex Directive 2001/42/CE and the EMAS, ex Rule 761/2001/CE, in the procedures of governance effected on the territory. The study intends to give a contribution to show the difficulties attuative in to integrate different voluntary community tools inside models as the governance, or of policy as the sustainable development, and to allow one innovative approach of theirs, how much more possible inserted in the planning and territorial management. The study as experimented the application of the Model in the case study.

The Governance of the SEA in the 2007-2013 EU Programs: the case of Italy

The Governance of the SEA in the 2007-2013 EU Programs: the case of Italy The European Union 2007-2013 funds programming is a relevant frame in order to analyse the implementation of Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) of plans and programs. In this paper the SEAs of 21 Regional Development Programs and 21 Rural Development Plans, implemented by the Italian regions, between the second half of 2006 and the end of 2007, have been reviewed. According to the SEA literature the study is mainly focused on the process than on the procedure, so that some aspects (i.e. the transposition of the SEA Directive into national law) are not tackled in depth. On the other end the attention to the processes, allows to analyse the different approaches and strategies the Regions followed through to assess the same category of program, in the same period, with the same framework of rules. The complexity of the processes and the huge documentation to be examined, in addition to the wide range of approaches experienced by the regions, required to focus the study on the following interpretative keys: – the instruments of governance arranged by the regions in order to manage the contextual processes of programming and assessment; – the definition of the objectives and the targets and the capacity to systematize coherently the indicators used in the context definition, within the assessment and monitoring; – the participation, as regards the adopted modality and the real effectiveness of this phase of the process in order to drive the assessment and therefore the program; – finally a privileged, even if not comprehensive, reading of the coherence of the measures in the energy field included in the operative programs with the regional sectorial programming. The quantitative and qualitative results of the paper represent a useful baseline to evaluate the present intermediate phase of the EC co-financed Operative Programs implementation and to compare the Italian regions case with other Member States experiences.

Predisposizione delle priorita' operative per lo sviluppo del turismo nel POR Campania 2000-2006. Sperimentazione VAS sul settore turismo

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Duodenal tumors. Four case reports

AIM: Reporting our experience in the treatment of duodenal neoplasms. MATERIAL OF STUDY: Management and treatment of four patients presenting a duodenal neoplasm. RESULTS: Three out of four patients died after surgery for dehiscence and/or bleeding. One, who underwent palliative bypass, died after four months from unknown causes. DISCUSSION: Duodenal neoplasms are rare and their diagnosis is difficult and late. In literature, there is no standardized management of this kind of neoplasm; the commonest surgical approaches are pancreaticoduodenectomy, segmental duodenal resection and palliative operations. The surgical choice is based on site and stage, both in Literature than in our experience. Regardless of the surgical decision, the patients have a poor outcome because of an advanced stage at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: It can be asserted that duodenal neoplasia offers many diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. This may be due to its rarity, which does not allow the definition of a standard course of treatment, resulting in the inability to have a unique diagnostic and therapeutic approach. There is often a late diagnosis and the need to perform emergency surgery. Therefore prognosis is greatly aggravated by the high incidence of postoperative complications, in part due to the urgency in which the surgeries are carried out

Duodenal tumors. Four case reports

Reporting our experience in the treatment of duodenal neoplasms

Self-assembly and drug release study of linear l , d -oligopeptide-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates

The preparation and structural organisation of new bioinspired nanomaterials based on regular alternating enantiomeric sequence of tetra- and hexapeptides end-linked to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is reported. The peptide moiety is composed of two or three repeats of l-Ala-d-Val units while the PEG has a molecular weight of 2 kDa. The self-assembling properties of the two conjugates depend significantly on the length of the peptide. Nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies are formed, the structural properties of which are compared with the previously studied l-Ala-d-Val octapeptide conjugate that self-assembles into rod-like nanoparticles. The aggregation properties were studied by NMR, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopies and dynamic light scattering. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The loading and release of a model drug were also investigated. This study demonstrates that, by changing the length of the peptide, it is possible to modulate the self-assembly and loading properties of peptide-PEG conjugates

Self-assembling peptide-polymer conjugates as promising candidates for drug delivery and imaging

Soft biomaterials based on peptide-polymer conjugates open new horizons for nanomedicine. They are able to self-assemble into nanostructures useful for drug delivery and imaging, the properties of which can be finely tuned at nanometer scale. Among the strategies developed for peptide engineering, those characterized by regularly alternating enantiomeric sequences are particularly attractive, since they provide low-pitch helices that self-assemble in stacks directed and stabilized by hydrogen bonds where the peripheral side chains are available to be functionalized with various molecules, such as polymers. When the peptide and polymer are suitably chosen in order to achieve core-shell morphology, these conjugates are able to self-assemble in water in stable nanoparticles (NPs) with enhanced circulation half-life. Herein, the self-assembling properties of the hybrid conjugates Cbz-(L-Ala-D-Val)2-NH-(CH2-CH2-O)45-CH3 (Pep4-PEG), Cbz-(L-Ala-D-Val)3-NH-(CH2-CH2-O)45-CH3 (Pep6-PEG) are investigated and compared. They were obtained end-linking the proper linear peptide, synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis, to a poly(ethylene glycol) chain. The conformational properties of the conjugates and their self-assembling capability were assessed by NMR, CD and fluorescence spectroscopies, DLS, SEM, AFM and TEM microscopies. Finally, the ability of the NPs to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs was evaluated by using curcumin

Self-assembling peptide-polymer conjugates as promising candidates for drug delivery

Soft biomaterials based on peptide-polymer conjugates open new horizons for nanomedicine. They are able to self-assemble into nanostructures useful for drug delivery, the properties of which can be finely tuned at nanometer scale. Among the strategies developed for peptide engineering, those characterized by regularly alternating enantiomeric sequences are particularly attractive, since they provide low-pitch helices that self-assemble in stacks directed and stabilized by hydrogen bonds where the peripheral side chains, are available to be functionalized with various molecules, such as polymers. When the peptide and polymer are suitably chosen in order to achieve core-shell morphology, these conjugates are able to self-assemble in water in stable nanoparticles (NPs) with enhanced circulation half-life. Herein, the self-assembling properties of the hybrid conjugates Cbz-(L-Ala-D-Val)2-NH-(CH2-CH2-O)45-CH3 (Pep4-PEG) and Cbz-(L-Ala-D-Val)4-(CH2-CH2-O)45-CH3 (Pep8-PEG) are investigated and compared. The structural properties of NPs formed for self-assembling of the conjugates were assessed by NMR, CD and fluorescence spectroscopies, DLS, and TEM, SEM and AFM microscopies