1,078 research outputs found
The Effects of GDP Per Capita on Infant Mortality Rates
We investigate the influence that the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) has upon the infant mortality rate. Our study comes from research from World Development Indicators from the Databank. The results from our regression explain 87.17% of total variation of infant mortality from the variables used. Our findings showed that GDP is negatively correlated with infant mortality. The findings are consistent with previous studies on the determinants of infant mortality rates
Shared Care, Elder and Family Member Skills Used to Manage Burden
Aim. The aim of this paper is to further develop the construct of Shared Care by comparing and contrasting it to related research, and to show how the construct can be used to guide research and practice.
Background. While researchers have identified negative outcomes for family caregivers caused by providing care, less is known about positive aspects of family care for both members of a family dyad. Understanding family care relationships is important to nurses because family participation in the care of chronically ill elders is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes from nursing interventions. A previous naturalistic inquiry identified a new construct, Shared Care, which was used to describe a family care interaction that contributed to positive care outcomes.
Methods. A literature review was carried out using the databases Medline, CINAHL, and Psych-info and the keywords home care, care receiver, disability, family, communication, decision-making and reciprocity. The results of the review were integrated to suggest how Shared Care could be used to study care difficulties and guide interventions.
Results. The literature confirmed the importance of dyad relationships in family care. Shared Care extended previous conceptualizations of family care by capturing three critical components: communication, decision-making, and reciprocity. Shared Care provides a structure to expand the conceptualization of family care to include both members of a care dyad and account for positive and negative aspects of care.
Conclusions. The extended view provided by the construct of Shared Care offers practitioners and scholars tools to use in the context of our ageing population to improve the effectiveness of family care relationships
Differential associations of conduct disorder, callous‑unemotional traits and irritability with outcome expectations and values regarding the consequences of aggression
Background: Previous work has examined the association of aggression levels and callous-unemotional traits with outcome expectations and values regarding the consequences of aggression. Less work has examined the outcome expectations and values regarding the consequences of aggression of adolescents with Conduct Disorder (CD). Also, no studies have examined links between irritability (a second socio-affective trait associated with CD) and these social cognitive processes despite the core function of anger in retaliatory aggression and establishing dominance.
Method: The current study, investigating these issues, involved 193 adolescents (typically developing [TD; N = 106], 87 cases with CD [N = 87]). Participants completed an adaptation of the Outcomes Expectations and Values Questionnaire and were assessed for CU traits and irritability via the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits and the Affective Reactivity Index.
Results: While CD was associated with atypical outcome expectations this was not seen within statistical models including CU traits and irritability. CU traits were associated with decreased expectation that aggression would result in feelings of remorse and victim suffering, as well as decreased concern that aggressive acts would result in punishment and victim suffering. Irritability was associated with increased expectations and concern that aggression would result in dominance and forced respect.
Conclusions: The results suggest that CU traits and irritability, often present in youth with CD, are associated with different forms of maladaptive outcome expectations and values regarding the consequences of aggression. This suggests that the atypical social cognitive processes underlying aggressive behavior among youth exhibiting CU traits may differ from those exhibiting problems regulating anger
A Compact Beam Stop for a Rare Kaon Decay Experiment
We describe the development and testing of a novel beam stop for use in a
rare kaon decay experiment at the Brookhaven AGS. The beam stop is located
inside a dipole spectrometer magnet in close proximity to straw drift chambers
and intercepts a high-intensity neutral hadron beam. The design process,
involving both Monte Carlo simulations and beam tests of alternative beam-stop
shielding arrangements, had the goal of minimizing the leakage of particles
from the beam stop and the resulting hit rates in detectors, while preserving
maximum acceptance for events of interest. The beam tests consisted of
measurements of rates in drift chambers, scintilation counter hodoscopes, a gas
threshold Cherenkov counter, and a lead glass array. Measurements were also
made with a set of specialized detectors which were sensitive to low-energy
neutrons, photons, and charged particles. Comparisons are made between these
measurements and a detailed Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: 39 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Method
Potential energy threshold for nano-hillock formation by impact of slow highly charged ions on a CaF(111) surface
We investigate the formation of nano-sized hillocks on the (111) surface of
CaF single crystals by impact of slow highly charged ions. Atomic force
microscopy reveals a surprisingly sharp and well-defined threshold of potential
energy carried into the collision of about 14 keV for hillock formation.
Estimates of the energy density deposited suggest that the threshold is linked
to a solid-liquid phase transition (``melting'') on the nanoscale. With
increasing potential energy, both the basal diameter and the height of the
hillocks increase. The present results reveal a remarkable similarity between
the present predominantly potential-energy driven process and track formation
by the thermal spike of swift ( GeV) heavy ions.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
An Infrared Divergence Problem in the cosmological measure theory and the anthropic reasoning
An anthropic principle has made it possible to answer the difficult question
of why the observable value of cosmological constant (
GeV) is so disconcertingly tiny compared to predicted value of vacuum
energy density GeV. Unfortunately, there is a
darker side to this argument, as it consequently leads to another absurd
prediction: that the probability to observe the value for randomly
selected observer exactly equals to 1. We'll call this controversy an infrared
divergence problem. It is shown that the IRD prediction can be avoided with the
help of a Linde-Vanchurin {\em singular runaway measure} coupled with the
calculation of relative Bayesian probabilities by the means of the {\em
doomsday argument}. Moreover, it is shown that while the IRD problem occurs for
the {\em prediction stage} of value of , it disappears at the {\em
explanatory stage} when has already been measured by the observer.Comment: 9 pages, RevTe
Chiral symmetry breaking, color superconductivity and color neutral quark matter: a variational approach
We investigate the vacuum realignment for chiral symmetry breaking and color
superconductivity at finite density in Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in a
variational method. The treatment allows us to investigate simultaneous
formation of condensates in quark antiquark as well as in diquark channels. The
methodology involves an explicit construction of a variational ground state and
minimisation of the thermodynamic potential. Color and electric charge
neutrality conditions are imposed through introduction of appropriate chemical
potentials. Color and flavor dependent condensate functions are determined
through minimisation of the thermodynamic potential. The equation of state is
calculated. Simultaneous existence of a mass gap and superconducting gap is
seen in a small window of quark chemical potential within the model when charge
neutrality conditions are not imposed. Enforcing color and electric charge
neutrality conditions gives rise to existence of gapless superconducting modes
depending upon the magnitude of the gap and the difference of the chemical
potentials of the condensing quarks.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures,to appear in Phys. Rev.
Agnesi Weighting for the Measure Problem of Cosmology
The measure problem of cosmology is how to assign normalized probabilities to
observations in a universe so large that it may have many observations
occurring at many different spacetime locations. I have previously shown how
the Boltzmann brain problem (that observations arising from thermal or quantum
fluctuations may dominate over ordinary observations if the universe expands
sufficiently and/or lasts long enough) may be ameliorated by volume averaging,
but that still leaves problems if the universe lasts too long. Here a solution
is proposed for that residual problem by a simple weighting factor 1/(1+t^2) to
make the time integral convergent. The resulting Agnesi measure appears to
avoid problems other measures may have with vacua of zero or negative
cosmological constant.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX; discussion is added of how Agnesi weighting appears
better than other recent measure
The Intentional Use of Service Recovery Strategies to Influence Consumer Emotion, Cognition and Behaviour
Service recovery strategies have been identified as a critical factor in the success of. service organizations. This study develops a conceptual frame work to investigate how specific service recovery strategies influence the emotional, cognitive and negative behavioural responses of . consumers., as well as how emotion and cognition influence negative behavior. Understanding the impact of specific service recovery strategies will allow service providers' to more deliberately and intentionally engage in strategies that result in positive organizational outcomes. This study was conducted using a 2 x 2 between-subjects quasi-experimental design. The results suggest that service recovery has a significant impact on emotion, cognition and negative behavior. Similarly, satisfaction, negative emotion and positive emotion all influence negative behavior but distributive justice has no effect
Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set
We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s
using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays
in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at
production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton
collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment
at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity.
We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the
B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2,
-1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in
agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model
value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +-
0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +-
0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by
other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012
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