The influence of surface treatment on the implant roughness pattern

An important parameter for the clinical success of dental implants is the formation of direct contact between the implant and surrounding bone, whose quality is directly influenced by the implant surface roughness. A screw-shaped design and a surface with an average roughness of Sa of 1-2 µm showed a better result. The combination of blasting and etching has been a commonly used surface treatment technique. The versatility of this type of treatment allows for a wide variation in the procedures in order to obtain the desired roughness. OBJECTIVES: To compare the roughness values and morphological characteristics of 04 brands of implants, using the same type of surface treatment. In addition, to compare the results among brands, in order to assess whether the type of treatment determines the values and the characteristics of implant surface roughness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three implants were purchased directly from each selected company in the market, i.e., 03 Brazilian companies (Biomet 3i of Brazil, Neodent and Titaniumfix) and 01 Korean company (Oneplant). The quantitative or numerical characterization of the roughness was performed using an interferometer. The qualitative analysis of the surface topography obtained with the treatment was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy images. RESULTS: The evaluated implants showed a significant variation in roughness values: Sa for Oneplant was 1.01 µm; Titaniumfix reached 0.90 µm; implants from Neodent 0.67 µm, and Biomet 3i of Brazil 0.53 µm. Moreover, the SEM images showed very different patterns for the surfaces examined. CONCCLUSIONS: The surface treatment alone is not able to determine the roughness values and characteristics

Cone beam computed tomography study of apical root resorption induced by Herbst appliance

Objective This study evaluated the frequency of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment with Herbst appliance by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Material and Methods The sample comprised 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean ages 15.76±1.75 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion, treated with Herbst appliance. CBCT was obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). All the dental roots, except third molars, were evaluated, and apical root resorption was determined using the axial guided navigation method. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon T Test were used to compare the dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Chi-Square Test with Yates’ correction was used to evaluate the relationship between apical root resorption and gender. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%.Results Apical resorption was detected by CBCT in 57.96% of 980 roots that underwent Herbst appliance treatment. All patients had minimal resorption and there was no statistical significance between the genders.Conclusion CBCT three-dimensional evaluation showed association between Herbst appliance and minimal apical root resorption, mostly in the anchoring teeth, without clinical significance

Cone beam computed tomography study of apical root resorption induced by Herbst appliance

Objective This study evaluated the frequency of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment with Herbst appliance by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Material and Methods The sample comprised 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean ages 15.76±1.75 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion, treated with Herbst appliance. CBCT was obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). All the dental roots, except third molars, were evaluated, and apical root resorption was determined using the axial guided navigation method. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon T Test were used to compare the dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Chi-Square Test with Yates’ correction was used to evaluate the relationship between apical root resorption and gender. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%.Results Apical resorption was detected by CBCT in 57.96% of 980 roots that underwent Herbst appliance treatment. All patients had minimal resorption and there was no statistical significance between the genders.Conclusion CBCT three-dimensional evaluation showed association between Herbst appliance and minimal apical root resorption, mostly in the anchoring teeth, without clinical significance

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Osteogênese sobre titânio com nanotopografia

The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of nanotopography of titanium surfaces in the process of osteogenesis by means of histological assessment of bone-implant contact, in rats, under the effect of forced inhalation of cigarette smoke; To assess the osteogenesis process and the expression of cytokines in primary cell culture on titanium disks with nanotopography; And evaluate morphological and molecular the effect of incorporation of laminin-1 (LN-1) surfaces with nanotopography, in rabbits. Implants and titanium disks were specially produced and submitted to different methods for obtaining surfaces with turned, micro and nanotopography. The surfaces have been properly characterized as its topography, morphology and chemistry. The results showed that: nanotopography is able to increase bone-implant contact (BIC) even in the presence of intermittent inhalation of cigarette smoke, and was able to reduce, although not entirely, their harmful effects and a lower bone formation; Nanotopography may play a important role in mineralization process and in cytokine expression.; And the incorporation of LN-1 on titanium surface with nanotopography favor a higher expression of important genes involved in the cascade of osseointegration.Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a influência da nanotopografia de superfícies de titânio no processo de osteogênese por meio de avaliação histológica do contato osso-implante, em ratos, sob efeito da inalação forçada da fumaça de cigarro; Avaliar a osteogênese e a expressão de citocinas em cultura de células primárias sobre discos de titânio com nanotopografia; E avaliar o efeito morfológico e molecular da incorporação da laminina-1 (LN-1) em superfícies com nanotopografia, em coelhos. Implantes e discos de titânio foram especialmente produzidos e submetidos a diferentes métodos para a obtenção de superfícies: usinada, micro e nanotopografia. As superfícies foram devidamente caracterizadas quanto a sua topografia, morfologia e química. Os resultados mostraram que: a nanotopografia é capaz de aumentar o contato osso-implante (BIC) mesmo na presença da inalação intermitente da fumaça de cigarro, e foi capaz de reduzir, porem não totalmente, seus efeitos deletérios e uma menor formação óssea; A nanotopografia de titânio pode ter papel importante no processo de mineralização da matriz extracelular e na modulação da expressão de citocinas; E que a incorporação de LN-1 a superfície de titânio com nanotopografia demonstrou favorecer uma maior expressão de importantes genes envolvidos na cascata da osseointegração.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Changes in alveolar bone support induced by the Herbst appliance: a tomographic evaluation

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated alveolar bone loss around mandibular incisors, induced by the Herbst appliance. Methods: The sample consisted of 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean age of 15.76 ± 1.75 years), Class II, Division 1 malocclusion, treated with the Herbst appliance. CBCT scans were obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). Vertical alveolar bone level and alveolar bone thickness of mandibular incisors were assessed. Buccal (B), lingual (L) and total (T) bone thicknesses were assessed at crestal (1), midroot (2) and apical (3) levels of mandibular incisors. Student's t-test and Wilcoxon t-test were used to compare dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship of changes in alveolar bone thickness. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%. Results: Mandibular incisors showed no statistical significance for vertical alveolar bone level. Alveolar bone thickness of mandibular incisors significantly reduced after treatment at B1, B2, B3, T1 and significantly increased at L2. The magnitude of the statistically significant changes was less than 0.2 mm. The changes in alveolar bone thickness showed no statistical significance with incisor inclination degree. Conclusions: CBCT scans showed an association between the Herbst appliance and alveolar bone loss on the buccal surface of mandibular incisors; however, without clinical significance

Effects of low-level laser therapy (685 nm) at different doses in osteogenic cell cultures

The present in vitro study evaluated parameters of osteogenesis under the influence of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at different doses. Osteogenic cells originated from rat calvaria were cultivated in polystyrene plates and exposed to a laser irradiation using an indium-gallium-aluminum phosphide therapeutic laser (InGaAIP), at wavelength of 685 nm, power of 35 mW, 600-mu m-diameter optical fiber, and continuous wave. In the attempt of observing the existence of a dose response and its effects, laser irradiation was performed at 25, 77, and 130 J/cm(2) (7, 22, and 37 s, respectively). The following parameters were assessed: growth curve (4, 7, and 11 days), cell viability (24 h), and nodular formation of mineralized matrix (14 days). The results did not show significant differences related to the growth curve (4, 7, and 11 days) and cell viability (24 h). Within 14 days, osteogenic cultures showed nodular areas with well-defined calcified matrix. The total area stained with Alizarin Red did not show any differences between doses of 25 and 130 J/cm(2). However, the percentage of stained area was significantly higher in the 25 J/cm(2) group when compared to the group of 77 J/cm(2) (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). It was possible to conclude that the 685-nm laser irradiation (at 25, 77, and 130 J/cm(2)) did not influence cell growth and proliferation, although the extracellular mineralization process may have its pattern altered by the LLLT on osteogenic cell cultures.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES