Space and social capital : The degree of locality in entrepreneurs' contacts and its consequences for firm success

Social capital is valuable for entrepreneurs starting a business. Although many small businesses are located at the entrepreneurs’ dwelling, little is known about entrepreneurs’ local ties and their relevance for firm success. Distinguishing between local and non-local social capital, this contribution looks at the following: (1) The availability of local social capital (2) The relation between social capital and local social capital, and characteristics of firms and entrepreneurs (3) The relation between social capital and local social capital and firm performance. Analysing data from the Survey of the Social Networks of Entrepreneurs, which contains information on entrepreneurs and their networks in 141 Dutch neighbourhoods, this study finds a positive relation between social capital and firm performance.

Cultural encounters: enhancing students’ learning from a stay abroad

Students at the Department of Human Geography & Spatial Planning at Utrecht University leave their classroom to learn abroad: they go on exchange for a semester in Malaga, embark upon a fieldtrip to Stockholm for 6 days, or do a 3-month fieldwork in Africa. Learning outside the own classroom is an essential element of the training of geographers. Well-developed intercultural competences are vital to reap the benefits of such stay abroad, and, later on, to work in an increasingly internationalized labor market. However, immersion in a different cultural setting does not itself assure intercultural learning: an active learning environment is needed to achieve this (Trede et al., 2014; Brendel 2014). Thus far, for several reasons, the stay abroad was a rather isolated component in our students’ educational programmes. Upon return, exchange students often point to the immense impact of the period abroad on their academic and personal development, but they can hardly articulate their advances in specific intercultural skills and attitudes. This is strongly related to the fact that upon departure, students do not know what to expect regarding intercultural differences in the field. Furthermore, they are not stimulated to reflect on their intercultural experiences during their stay abroad. As a consequence, the learning of fieldwork abroad is not optimized. Previous experiences and literature call for an approach that confronts students with their own expectations and world views, that stimulate reflection and provoke discussion. Against that background, we developed two projects to prepare students better for a stay abroad, and to train their intercultural competences, using a three-step approach: before, during and after the stay abroad. This paper first introduces the topic and the literature on enhancing the learning outcomes of a stay abroad. Then, we will introduce our projects, one dealing with Master’s students that do their fieldwork in Africa, Asia or Latin America, a second one dealing with undergraduate students that go on exchange. Next, we will present our preliminary findings on the impact of these projects on students’ learning. We conclude with the observation that reflection as a skill deserves more attention in our curricula

Advancing the frontiers in ethnic entrepreneurship studies

The proliferation of ethnic entrepreneurship varies not only from country to country, but also from sector to sector, from city to city, and – within cities – from neighbourhood to neighbourhood. In evaluating the interrelationship of ethnic entrepreneurship and urban governance, we discuss three specific points: ethnic variety and varieties; spatial levels in opportunities and constraints; and urban governance and institutions. In analysing the literature and positioning the four special issue articles in a spatiality‐governance framework, we identify ‘roads less travelled’. Finally, we suggest scholars to move forward along five distinct pathways