Twisted Quantum Lax Equations

We give the construction of twisted quantum Lax equations associated with quantum groups. We solve these equations using factorization properties of the corresponding quantum groups. Our construction generalizes in many respects the Adler-Kostant-Symes construction for Lie groups and the construction of M. A. Semenov Tian-Shansky for the Lie-Poisson case.Comment: 23 pages, late

CONSUMER USE OF NUTRITION LABELS ON PACKAGED MEATS

Consumer perceptions of the importance of nutritional labeling of fresh meats and knowledge of nutritional terms have been presented in the Journal of Food Distribution Research (Piedra, et al 1995). This article presents follow up information on consumer reported uses of nutritional labels on packaged meats and the specific nutrients that the consumers check for on packaged meats. The results indicate that consumers use nutrition labels to check for desirable dietary components and to compare nutrient content among meats as well as to check for the presence of undesirable dietary components in packaged meats.Consumer/Household Economics,

HOUSEHOLD PERCEPTIONS OF THE NUTRITIONAL LABELING OF MEATS

Previous research on the relationship between diet and health has increased consumer interest in the nutritional content of specific foods. Federal programs, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and The Food Pyramid, have had similar impacts. A 1994 mail survey of 3,080 Louisiana households in eight rural and urban parishes examined consumer awareness of the nutritional labeling of fresh meats and its importance. Rural respondents placed more emphasis on nutritional labeling than did urban respondents. The respondents also ranked three descriptive terms (lean, extra lean and low fat) for fat content as defined by the USDA. Eighteen percent of households ranked them correctly with white households displaying better ranking capability. These results tend to justify an earlier decision by Congress to implement legislation covering the nutritional labeling of fresh meats.Consumer/Household Economics,

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) airway effects and dose-responses in different animal models

Many inhalation exposure studies have been performed with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in different animal species. Many were targeted at respiratory irritation and/or sensitisation. As there is still no broadly accepted guideline for the performance of respiratory sensitisation tests, protocols used and endpoints investigated are numerous. In this review we collected data from those respiratory sensitisation and/or irritation studies that provided threshold or doseresponse information. Against this aim, and as TDI is a model substance for a respiratory sensitiser, a great number of mechanistic studies are not cited in this paper, although they were checked for relevant information. The literature data available allow the conclusion that both respiratory irritation and sensitisation may be interdependent, and both irritation and sensitisation by TDI is a threshold phenomenon. Across species, the majority of NOAECs for respiratory sensitisation are in the range of 0.005 to 0.03 ppm, whereas the LOAEC is about 0.02 to 0.4 ppm

Kappa-contraction from SUq(2)SU_q(2) to Eκ(2)E_{\kappa}(2)

We present contraction prescription of the quantum groups: from $SU_q(2)$ to $E_{\kappa}(2)$. Our strategy is different then one chosen in ref. [P. Zaugg, J. Phys. A {\bf 28} (1995) 2589]. We provide explicite prescription for contraction of $a, b, c$ and $d$ generators of $SL_q(2)$ and arrive at $^*$ Hopf algebra $E_{\kappa}(2)$.Comment: 3 pages, plain TEX, harvmac, to be published in the Proceedings of the 4-th Colloqium Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems, Prague, June 1995, Czech. J. Phys. {\bf 46} 265 (1996

Bicovariant Calculus in Quantum Theory and a Generalization of the Gauss Law

We construct a deformation of the quantum algebra Fun(T^*G) associated with Lie group G to the case where G is replaced by a quantum group G_q which has a bicovariant calculus. The deformation easily allows for the inclusion of the current algebra of left and right invariant one forms. We use it to examine a possible generalization of the Gauss law commutation relations for gauge theories based on G_q.Comment: 12 page

Short-wavelength out-of-band EUV emission from Sn laser-produced plasma

We present the results of spectroscopic measurements in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime (7-17 nm) of molten tin microdroplets illuminated by a high-intensity 3-J, 60-ns Nd:YAG laser pulse. The strong 13.5 nm emission from this laser-produced plasma is of relevance for next-generation nanolithography machines. Here, we focus on the shorter wavelength features between 7 and 12 nm which have so far remained poorly investigated despite their diagnostic relevance. Using flexible atomic code calculations and local thermodynamic equilibrium arguments, we show that the line features in this region of the spectrum can be explained by transitions from high-lying configurations within the Sn$^{8+}$-Sn$^{15+}$ ions. The dominant transitions for all ions but Sn$^{8+}$ are found to be electric-dipole transitions towards the $n$=4 ground state from the core-excited configuration in which a 4$p$ electron is promoted to the 5$s$ sub-shell. Our results resolve some long-standing spectroscopic issues and provide reliable charge state identification for Sn laser-produced plasma, which could be employed as a useful tool for diagnostic purposes.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

On Quantum Lie Algebras and Quantum Root Systems

As a natural generalization of ordinary Lie algebras we introduce the concept of quantum Lie algebras ${\cal L}_q(g)$. We define these in terms of certain adjoint submodules of quantized enveloping algebras $U_q(g)$ endowed with a quantum Lie bracket given by the quantum adjoint action. The structure constants of these algebras depend on the quantum deformation parameter $q$ and they go over into the usual Lie algebras when $q=1$. The notions of q-conjugation and q-linearity are introduced. q-linear analogues of the classical antipode and Cartan involution are defined and a generalised Killing form, q-linear in the first entry and linear in the second, is obtained. These structures allow the derivation of symmetries between the structure constants of quantum Lie algebras. The explicitly worked out examples of $g=sl_3$ and $so_5$ illustrate the results.Comment: 22 pages, latex, version to appear in J. Phys. A. see http://www.mth.kcl.ac.uk/~delius/q-lie.html for calculations and further informatio

Road Dust Correlated with Decreased Reproduction of the Endangered Utah Shrub Hesperidanthus suffrutescens

Roads associated with energy development have fragmented much of the Uinta Basin, the Colorado Plateau in general, and other areas of western North America. Beyond reducing available habitat, spreading exotic species, and creating barriers to dispersal, unpaved roads also increase dust loads on plants and pollinators, which may reduce plant growth and reproduction. We studied the effects of an unpaved road on reproduction of an endangered Utah endemic shrub. We measured the size and reproductive output of 156 plants and the dust deposition in plots at increasing distances from the road. We also hand outcrossed 240 flowers from 80 plants to help determine if any reduced reproduction was due to pre- or postpollination mechanisms. Additionally, we experimentally dusted 3 leaves on 30 plants (n = 90) and measured stomatal conductance pre-dust and post-dust. We also dusted 3 flowers on 10 plants (n = 30) prior to hand pollination and measured fruit set. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the relationship between reproduction and dust deposition. When controlling for plant size and distance from the road, fruit set was negatively correlated with increasing levels of dust deposition (F1, 15 = 5.26, P = 0.036). The number of seeds per plant, mean plant seed weight, and the proportion of hand-pollinated flowers that set fruit were also negatively correlated with dust, although not significantly. Dusting significantly reduced stomatal conductance (F1, 58 = 87.56, P \u3c 0.001). Eighty percent of hand pollinated flowers (24 of 30) set fruit after dusting. These results demonstrate that road dust reduces H. suffrutescens reproduction, although the mechanisms are not clear. Although dust negatively affected physiological processes, hand-pollination results suggest that dust might be disrupting pollination. This study documents the effects of road dust on the reproduction of an endangered shrub in Utah\u27s Uinta Basin and highlights the need for further research into the effects of roads and dust on nearby plants