Dynamic critical behavior of the classical anisotropic BCC Heisenberg antiferromagnet

Using a recently implemented integration method [Krech et. al.] based on an iterative second-order Suzuki-Trotter decomposition scheme, we have performed spin dynamics simulations to study the critical dynamics of the BCC Heisenberg antiferromagnet with uniaxial anisotropy. This technique allowed us to probe the narrow asymptotic critical region of the model and estimate the dynamic critical exponent $z=2.25 \pm 0.08$. Comparisons with competing theories and experimental results are presented.Comment: Latex, 3 pages, 5 figure

Conceptualizing sustainability in China's belt and road initiative: A longitudinal analysis of scholarship (2013 - 2024)

One decade after China's announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), theoretical and practical debates linger about the environmental impacts. However, no studies have systematically analyzed how academic research conceptualizes BRI and sustainability within it. This study reviews definitional aspects and sustainability discourses concerning the BRI. Analyzing a sample of 171 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2013 and 2024, the study uses a coding framework comprising eight categories broadly covering the sustainability building blocks of the BRI. Additionally, a comparison of academic conceptualizations and China's policy practices reveals several gaps on the topics of stakeholders, investment agencies, investment volumes, and sectors. Outdated or vague conceptualizations are found in research that examines (i) China as a unitary actor, (ii) the centrality of China-led organizations like the AIIB, and (iii) BRI investment volumes and impacts. Findings also reveal that scholarly knowledge about the BRI, a decade after the initiative's announcement, remains limited and disparate. The study's meta-framework advances the literature by providing a template for bringing sustainability studies and BRI studies together into more meaningful interface

A Study of Team Leader Activity on a Selected Medical Unit in a General Hospital

The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze the activities of the nursing team leader on a selected medical unit of the Loma Linda Sanitarium and Hospital and to measure the percentage of time spent in each recognized function. To accomplish this, the descriptive survey method was used. Six team leaders were shadowed by an. observer for a total of ten days. Record of all team leader activity was made on a specially prepared form which provided for classification of activity under Leino\u27s six functions for the team leader. These are: To Identify the Patient\u27s Nursing problems To Interpret Nursing Problems to co-workers and Seek Their Cooperation in Planning To Formulate and Record the Nursing Care Plan To Differentiate and Delegate All Aspects of Nursing Care To Direct the Program of Nursing Care To Evaluate and Record the Results of Nursing Care An additional section entitled Activities Not classifiable Under the prescribed Functions was included. A brief description of each activity accompanied each classified entry permitting a later check for analysis. Record was also kept of the actual time occupied in each activity. A Pre-test served to check on the classification of activity and to secure the cooperation of unit personnel. The collected raw data was tabulated and organized into appropriate and meaningful figures and tables. From analysis of these figures it was concluded that while the team leader was spending time in the functions used as criteria, some time was also being spent in activities not defined as team leader function. Some of the methods of discharging these functions did not appear to be efficiently executed. Recommendations were made specific to each function and included suggestions for study into the areas of team leader responsibility in team conferences, maintenance of the Kardex, assignment of nursing care, patient teaching and for in-service evaluation of team leader orientation and incorporation of refresher courses for the team leader

Detection and Measurement of Air-Borne Radiation at Grinnell, Iowa

A relatively simple method is presented for the detection and measurement of total air-borne radiation. It employs only a scintillation counter, and ordinary laboratory materials. Using this method, a monitoring station was established for the period from the Fall of 1961 through the Spring of 1962. The results from this study, when compared with the results published by the United States Public Health Service, indicate a high degree of reliability in the method used

Ueber das Camphylamin

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Errors in the bisulfite conversion of DNA: modulating inappropriate- and failed-conversion frequencies

Bisulfite treatment can be used to ascertain the methylation states of individual cytosines in DNA. Ideally, bisulfite treatment deaminates unmethylated cytosines to uracils, and leaves 5-methylcytosines unchanged. Two types of bisulfite-conversion error occur: inappropriate conversion of 5-methylcytosine to thymine, and failure to convert unmethylated cytosine to uracil. Conventional bisulfite treatment requires hours of exposure to low-molarity, low-temperature bisulfite (‘LowMT’) and, sometimes, thermal denaturation. An alternate, high-molarity, high-temperature (‘HighMT’) protocol has been reported to accelerate conversion and to reduce inappropriate conversion. We used molecular encoding to obtain validated, individual-molecule data on failed- and inappropriate-conversion frequencies for LowMT and HighMT treatments of both single-stranded and hairpin-linked oligonucleotides. After accounting for bisulfite-independent error, we found that: (i) inappropriate-conversion events accrue predominantly on molecules exposed to bisulfite after they have attained complete or near-complete conversion; (ii) the HighMT treatment is preferable because it yields greater homogeneity among sites and among molecules in conversion rates, and thus yields more reliable data; (iii) different durations of bisulfite treatment will yield data appropriate to address different experimental questions; and (iv) conversion errors can be used to assess the validity of methylation data collected without the benefit of molecular encoding

Synthesis of 2′-O-methyl-RNAs incorporating a 3-deazaguanine, and UV melting and computational studies on its hybridization properties

2′-O-Methyl-RNAs incorporating 3-deazaguanine (c(3)G) were synthesized by use of N,N-diphenylcarbamoyl and N,N-dimethylaminomethylene as its base protecting groups to suppress sheared-type 5′-GA-3′/5′-GA-3′ tandem mismatched base pairing which requires the N(3) atom. These modified RNAs hybridized more weakly with the complementary and single mismatch-containing RNAs than the unmodified RNAs. The T(m) experiments were performed to clarify the effects of replacement of the fifth G with c(3)G on stabilization of 2′-O-methyl-(5′-CGGCGAGGAG-3′)/5′-CUCCGAGCCG-3′ and 2′-O-methyl-(5′-CGGGGACGAG-3′)/5′-CUCGGACCCG-3′duplexes, which form sheared-type and face-to-face type 5′-GA-3′/5′-GA-3′ tandem mismatched base pairs, respectively. Consequently, this replacement led to more pronounced destabilization of the former duplex that needs the N(3) atom for the sheared-type base pair than the latter that does not need it for the face-to-face type base pair. A similar tendency was observed for 2′-O-methyl-RNA/DNA duplexes. These results suggest that the N(3) atom of G plays an important role in stabilization of the canonical G/C base pair as well as the base discrimination and its loss suppressed formation of the undesired sheared-type mismatched base pair. Computational studies based on ab initio calculations suggest that the weaker hydrogen bonding ability and larger dipole moment of c(3)G can be the origin of the lower T(m)

Detection of Streptococcus mutans Genomic DNA in Human DNA Samples Extracted from Saliva and Blood

Caries is a multifactorial disease, and studies aiming to unravel the factors modulating its etiology must consider all known predisposing factors. One major factor is bacterial colonization, and Streptococcus mutans is the main microorganism associated with the initiation of the disease. In our studies, we have access to DNA samples extracted from human saliva and blood. In this report, we tested a real-time PCR assay developed to detect copies of genomic DNA from Streptococcus mutans in 1,424 DNA samples from humans. Our results suggest that we can determine the presence of genomic DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans in both DNA samples from caries-free and caries-affected individuals. However, we were not able to detect the presence of genomic DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans in any DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood, which suggests the assay may not be sensitive enough for this goal. Values of the threshold cycle of the real-time PCR reaction correlate with higher levels of caries experience in children, but this correlation could not be detected for adults