Catalysts from waste materials

Wastes containing transition metal compounds can be used as a resource to manufacture catalysts, for instance for the deep oxidation of hydrocarbons. If the starting waste material meets some requirements with regard to amounts and dispersion of metal and organic compounds, the catalyst is produced using a simple combination of mechanical and thermal treatment. The procedure does not require any additional fine chemicals. Such catalyst granulates are highly active and, thus they are comparable to commercially available catalysts. The granulates reach surfaces of more than 100 m(2)/g. Their porous structure can be stable up to 600 degrees C and is based on a carbon framework. A detailed report about the influence of different parameters of the manufacturing process on the properties of the final products is given

Consideration of hereditary effects in the radiological protection system: evolution and current status

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the methodology used to estimate radiation genetic risks and quantify the risk of hereditary effects as outlined in the ICRP Publication 103. It aims to highlight the historical background and development of the doubling dose method for estimating radiation-related genetic risks and its continued use in radiological protection frameworks.RESULTS: This article emphasizes the complexity associated with quantifying the risk of hereditary effects caused by radiation exposure and highlights the need for further clarification and explanation of the calculation method. As scientific knowledge in radiation sciences and human genetics continues to advance in relation to a number of factors including stability of disease frequency, selection pressures, and epigenetic changes, the characterization and quantification of genetic effects still remains a major issue for the radiological protection system of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.CONCLUSION: Further research and advancements in this field are crucial for enhancing our understanding and addressing the complexities involved in assessing and managing the risks associated with hereditary effects of radiation.</p

Consideration of hereditary effects in the radiological protection system: evolution and current status

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the methodology used to estimate radiation genetic risks and quantify the risk of hereditary effects as outlined in the ICRP Publication 103. It aims to highlight the historical background and development of the doubling dose method for estimating radiation-related genetic risks and its continued use in radiological protection frameworks. This article emphasizes the complexity associated with quantifying the risk of hereditary effects caused by radiation exposure and highlights the need for further clarification and explanation of the calculation method. As scientific knowledge in radiation sciences and human genetics continues to advance in relation to a number of factors including stability of disease frequency, selection pressures, and epigenetic changes, the characterization and quantification of genetic effects still remains a major issue for the radiological protection system of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Further research and advancements in this field are crucial for enhancing our understanding and addressing the complexities involved in assessing and managing the risks associated with hereditary effects of radiation.</p