Utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy among Older Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Long-Term Care

Abstract Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among the older adults is characterized by excessive worries and major anxiety. The impairment and disability resulting from GAD indicates a significant mental health problem in long term care settings. In the United States, the lifetime prevalence of The Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-1V) GAD is 5.1% to 11.9%. Evidence-based treatment for GAD in the older adult becomes a challenge due to the concern of frailty, comorbidity and drug side effects. Purpose: To implement the utilization of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the older adult population with GAD in a long-term care setting. Method: Based on an extensive review of research, a project was designed and conducted to offer the basic knowledge of CBT to nurses for the treatment of GAD. Outcome evaluation was based on post-implementation questionnaire. Conclusion: The nurse participants were clear that they valued CBT and perceived it helpful for the older adult with GAD, but they needed to be trained proper and increase utilization of CBT. Keywords: Generalized anxiety disorder, older adult, cognitive-behavioral therapy

Immigrant Nigerian women leaders in California: their experiences, challenges, and successes

This qualitative phenomenological research inquiry was designed to explore the lived experiences, challenges, and successes of 24 immigrant Nigerian women leaders living and working in California. It also explored the factors that influenced these women to aspire to leadership positions despite the challenges and closed doors they constantly face at work. The women who participated in this study were in leadership positions in both governmental and private sectors. Their positions ranged from a frontline supervisor to an assistant superintendent in a public school district. Like other minority groups living in the United States, including women, immigrant Nigerian women leaders face similar, or in some cases more, challenges than their White counterparts in the workplace. Through the interview questions, this study elicited the women’s experiences from early childhood through adulthood, including their current experiences and what they see in their future, as well as the influence these experiences have on their ability to be successful. The researcher conducted a one-on-one interview with each participant. Some participants were directly recruited by the researcher, and others were recruited by snowball sampling. Through the interviews, the participants shared the impact of their childhood upbringing, religion, and faith on their survival in the workplace as well as in the United States. Several themes emerged from the analysis of the interview data. The participants believed that they had to work harder than their White female counterparts to climb up the corporate ladder and to remain at each level they attained. They shared that they had to put in more hours and constantly had to prove that they had the skills and qualifications to do a job. They also noted that, despite their skills and education, they were not paid as well as, or compensated equitably for, doing the same work as their counterparts. Some discussed conflicts between their Nigerian culture and the American system and shared how they assimilated into their new environment. Some also expressed that their ascent sometimes prevented them from achieving some of the goals they set at work. Two participants expressed their frustrations with the American educational system because they did not receive credit for their degree or education in Nigeria and they had to start over again. Despite the challenges they faced, the women credited their faith, trust in God, and family upbringing as motivators for their success at work and in American society

Interference Linguistique dans la Production Ecrite des Apprenants du Francais Langue Etrangere–Cas des Etudiants de Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Plusieurs recherches ont été déjà menées dans le domaine de l’acquisition d’une langue seconde / étrangère et de ses défis correspondants, qui reposent sur l’interférence de la langue maternelle et de la langue seconde. Les linguistes et les grammairiens ont formulé de nombreuses suggestions pour améliorer l'apprentissage, mais le problème persiste. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’identifier les divers domaines d’interférence observés dans le travail écrit des étudiants et de proposer des solutions. Pour ce faire, nous avons rassemblé des données provenant de la composition écrite de 50 étudiants universitaires qui étudient le français langue étrangère, ayant l’anglais comme leur deuxième langue et l’igbo comme langue maternelle. Tout en se servant de la méthode descriptive, on a constaté à la fin de l'analyse beaucoup d'erreurs d'interférence provenant de leur connaissance antérieure de l'anglais. En même temps, les principaux domaines de transfert négatif étaient centrés sur le mauvais ordre des mots et le mauvais choix de la préposition. Le chercheur recommande une application plus consciente des méthodes et technologies d’enseignement des langues modernes et des corrections explicites.Mots clés: interférence, linguistique, langue étrangère, les apprenants, production écrite Several research projects have already been conducted in the field of second / foreign language acquisition and its corresponding challenges, which are based on the interference of the mother tongue and the second language. Linguists and grammarians have made many suggestions for improving learning, but the problem persists. The purpose of this study is to identify the various areas of interference observed in students' written work and to propose solutions. To do this, we collected data from the written composition of 50 university students who study French as a foreign language, with English as their second language and Igbo as their mother tongue. While using the descriptive method, many of the interference errors from their previous knowledge of English were found at the end of the analysis. At the same time, the main areas of negative transference were centred on wrong word ordering and wrong choice of preposition. The researcher recommends a more conscious application of modern language teaching methods as well as modern technologies. She also advocates the use of explicit corrections

La relativisation en syntaxe Francaise et Igbo

D’après Dubois et al, on appelle relativisation la formation d’une relative par une transformation qui enchâsse une phrase (phrase constituante) dans le syntagme nominal d’une autre phrase (phrase matrice) au moyen d’un relatif (409). Dans cette communication, nous avons examiné le processus de relativisation dans les deux langues : le français et l’igbo. Le processus est toujours explicitement repéré en français, ce qui n’est pas constamment le cas en igbo. Le présent travail a donc comme objectif de porter une réflexion sur le processus de relativisation dans les deux langues du français (langue étrangère) et de la langue igbo (langue nigériane du sud-est) et ensuite d’analyser trois des pronoms relatifs simples en français- que, qui, et dont, les plus fréquemment employés en discours oral et écrit, considéré comme problématiques aux étudiants étrangers. Notre approche qui est de nature descriptive est fondée sur la théorie de principes et paramètres de Chomsky. Cependant, la donnée de la présente étude est tirée des livres de grammaire desdites langues ainsi que des exercices écrits obtenus des apprenants finalistes de Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Le résultat de l’analyse a révèle que parmi les trois pronoms relatifs expérimentés, c’est surtout le pronom dont qui est le plus problématique.English AbstractAccording to Dubois et al, relativization is the formation of a relative clause by a transformation that embeds a sentence (constituent sentence) into the noun phrase of another sentence (matrix sentence) by means of a relative pronoun (409). In this paper, we examined the process of relativization in French and Igbo languages. The process which is always explicitly marked in French is not always the case in Igbo. The present work therefore aims at discussing the process of relativization in the two languages of French and Igbo and then to analyze three of the simple relative pronouns in French, namely: que, qui, and dont, most frequently used in oral and written speech, considered problematic to the learners of French as a foreign language. The descriptive approach is based on Chomsky's theory of principles and parameters. However, the data in this study are drawn from the grammar books of these languages as well as written exercises of final year French students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The result of the analysis revealed that their difficulty lies mainly in the functioning of the relative pronoun dont

Monetary System Development and Income Distribution in Nigeria

This study evaluates the efficacy of the monetary system via its operations and policies at reducing the level of income inequality in Nigeria over the period of 1981 to 2017. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag model estimation and the Generalized Method of Moments in light of the varying order of stationarity and nature of employed variables. The study identifies the absence of the Kuznet’s U-shape trend in the Nigerian Gini coefficient and it is observed that only Credit mobilization ratio, Accessibility index and monetary policy implementation index (POX) have significant moment effect on the income distribution. While the level of credit mobilized widen the inequality gap, accessibility of financial institutions and policy implemented can be seen to be reducing the widening inequality Gap in the country. It is recommended in light of the findings that; Credit mobilization should be closely monitored to prevent insider abuse by fund custodians and administrators that might allocate credit based on nepotism. A reasonable proportion of credit should be mobilized to the low-income earners and rural dwellers. Financial Depth should be curtailed through the promotion of the cash-lite policy. This would reduce the possibility of illicit movement of funds and money laundering. It would also help in creating a more inclusive environment and accessibility to financial institutions should be further promoted for those at the grass-root level through the deployment of micro-credits and services. Keywords: Monetary system development, financial development, income distribution, income inequality. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-8-17 Publication date: April 30th 202

Effect of repeated fever on growth in young guinea pigs

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science of Medicine (MSc Med).Repeated infection in early life can induce malnutrition and growth impairment due to the insufficiency of nutrients required to meet the increasing need for nutrients of a growing child, for growth. Infection causes an increase in metabolism and rate of tissue breakdown with a resultant need for extra nutrient intake. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of repeated fever on growth in young guinea pigs. Ten guinea pigs were studied from birth to approximately 60 days of age. At weaning age, guinea pigs were implanted with telemeters to measure body temperature. Then the guinea pigs were grouped into: An experimental group (n=5) receiving muramyl- dipeptide (MDP), and a control group (n=5) receiving normal saline injections. Eight injections per animal were given over the experimental period. Body weights of all animals were measured every 4 days while food intake was measured dailyIT201

TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PROSES RELOKASI DARI PUCANGSAWIT KE NGEMPLAK SUTAN

ABSTRAK permukiman yang tidak sesuai dengan peruntukannya ke lokasi baru yang disiapkan sesuai dengan rencana pembangunan kota. Proses relokasi dilakukan dengan melibatkan beberapa pihak yang bukan hanya berasal dari pemerintah saja, melainkan juga melibatkan masyarakat yang menjadi sasaran relokasi. Partisipasi masyarakat tidak hanya diperlukan pada saat perencanaan saja, melainkan pada seluruh proses relokasi yang meliputi pemilihan lokasi, identifikasi kebutuhan dasar, perencanaan perumahan, desain perumahan dan implementasi. Relokasi masyarakat dari Pucangsawit ke Ngemplak Sutan menunjukkan adanya pelibatan masyarakat. Hal ini terbukti dengan adanya rembug warga sebagai salah satu kegiatan dalam menjaring aspirasi masyarakat. Selain itu juga terdapat pembentukan Pokja dan SubPokja yang merupakan perwakilan masyakarat dalam tim penanganan pasca banjir tingkat kota sekaligus untuk komunikasi antara masyarakat dan pemerintah di tingkat kelurahan dan di tingkat kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses relokasi dari Pucangsawit ke Ngemplak Sutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif. Berdasarkan pengukuran dan analisis data yang akan digunakan maka penelitian ini merupakan penelitain kuantitatif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan pembobotan berdasarkan tingkat partisipasi menurut Arnstein dalam Suciati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakat paling besar adalah pada proses pelaksanaan relokasi dimana masyarakat seluruhnya turut membantu pemerintah dalam membangun rumah tinggal mereka di lokasi yang baru. Sedangkan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat paling kecil adalah pada proses pertanggungjawaban yakni pada kegiatan pengumpulan foto kondisi rumah pasca relokasi dimana sebagian besar masyarakat belum diminta untuk mengumpulkan foto kondisi rumah mereka yang telah selesai dibangun dan ditempati. Pada keseluruhan proses relokasi, diketahui bahwa tingkat partisipasi masyarakatnya berada pada tingkat manipulasi dimana yang lebih banyak berperan adalah dari pihak pemerintah maupun dari Pokja dan Subpokja. Masyarakat cenderung hanya mendengarkan penjelasan dan meyetujui hasil kesepakatan tanpa memberikan pendapat maupun masukan. Petunjuk teknis relokasi hanya memberi kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk terlibat tetapi belum menyentuh pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: tingkat partisipasi, relokasi, Pucangsawit, Surakarta ABSTRACT Relocation or resettlement is the process of residential resettlement from a location that is not accordance by its function to the new better one which is prepared to be fit with the development plan of the city. The process of resettlement is conducted by involving some parties; not only from government, but also involves the targeted resettlement. Community participation is not only required at the planning process, but also needed on the whole resettlement process including site selection, identification of basic needs, housing planning, housing design and implementation. Relocation of Pucangsawit to Ngemplak Sutan indicates any involvement of the community. It is proven by the Rembug Warga as one of activities to gain community aspiration. In addition, the establishment of Pokja and SubPokja as community representative in the postflood city level response team as well as a communication tools between people and district level and/ or city level government is also evidence of the community participation. This study aims to determine the level of community participation in the relocation process of Pucangsawit to Ngemplak Sutan. This research employs a deductive approach. Based on the measurement and data analysis to be used, this study is a quantitative research. Data analysis method which is applied is descriptive quantitative by using frequency distribution and weighting based on the level of participation as stated by Arnstein in Suciati. The results showed that the best degree of community participation is in the realization of relocation process where the whole community helped the government in building their homes in the new location. On the other hand, the smallest degree was in the responsibility process; post relocation photo collection because most people have not been asked to collect photos of their housing that have been built and settled. At the whole relocation process, it is known that the community participation level is just a manipulation in which government contributes more either Pokja or Subpokja. Communities tend to only listen to the explanations and approve the agreement without giving opinions. Technical Instructions relocation only provides opportunity for people to get involved but they have not allocated the community empowerment yet. Keywords: degree of participation, relocation, Pucangsawit, Surakart

Economic Crisis Influence on FDI and Foreign Inflows in Sub-Saharan Africa Economies

The global economic crisis affected most of developed economies in North America and Europe which was likely to trigger a trickle-down effects on Sub-Saharan Africa. This effect was characterized by falling exports demand, foreign capital inflows in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign aid inflows and remittances from African immigrants working in the ICs. This paper investigated the effects of economic crisis on FDI and the foreign aid inflows in four countries which include Botswana, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique. Panel data was used for analysis with OLS, Random Effects and Maximum Likelihood Estimation from 1990-2010 was conducted. The results show that contrary to the expectation that economic crisis had negative effects on FDI inflows in SSA it was the other way round. Economic crisis has a positive impact on FDI inflows. This maybe because of natural resource oriented FDIs in Mozambique and Botswana and low integration in world markets for Kenya and Malawi (Most FDI are primary resource base such as agriculture)

MEMAHAMI POLA ASUH PADA IBU YANG TERINFEKSI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

ABSTRAK Memasuki tahun 2006 Indonesia sudah memasuki tahap epidemi AIDS. Pemaparannya telah merambah luas ke kelompok yang paling rentan yaitu perempuan dan bayi. Tingginya penderita HIV/AIDS yang terjadi pada kalangan ibu rumah tangga tidak lepas dari perilaku seks masyarakat yang tidak aman. Padahal seorang ibu rumah tangga dituntut untuk memiliki mental dan fisik yang sehat agar dapat berperan optimal dalam melakukan tugas-tugas rumah tangganya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan memahami pola asuh pada ibu yang terinfeksi HIV. Dinamika psikologis yang terbentuk akan menunjukkan persepsi ibu terhadap pengalamannya sebagai penderita HIV/AIDS dan perannya sebagai ibu dan juga gambaran pola asuh yang diterapkan ibu. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengungkap keberadaan manusia sebagai makhluk yang subyektif adalah dengan metode kualitatif melalui perspektif fenomenologi. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan memahami pola asuh ibu yang terinfeksi HIV. Sedangkan metode pengambilan data yang dipakai adalah wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Subjek yang diperoleh sebanyak dua orang melalui LSM Griya ASA Semarang. Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa diagnosa HIV/AIDS menimbulkan beberapa reaksi baik fisik, psikologis, maupun sosial. Terjadi konflik yang mengiringi berbagai reaksi tersebut. Konflik yang timbul merupakan akibat dari dari benturan-benturan yang terjadi antara reaksi-reaksi yang mengiringi diagnosa, juga benturan antara karakteristik subjek serta anak yang telah menjadi pembawaan masing-masing. Konflik-konflik tersebut dapat diselesaikan jika subjek memiliki koping yang baik terhadap stres sehingga subjek mampu memberikan makna yang positif mengenai sakit yang dideritanya serta mampu menghayati perannya sebagai seorang ibu. Kemampuan subjek dalam memberikan makna terhadap penderitaan yang sedang dialaminya berpengaruh pada praktik pola asuhnya terhadap anak-anak. Subjek pertama yang gagal menemukan makna hidup baru pada kehidupannya, menunjukkan sikap yang permisif terhadap putri satu-satunya. Subjek kedua yang telah mendapat insigth serta makna dan tujuan baru justru menujukkan sikap pro aktif dalam setiap perkembangan anak-anaknya