Turbellaria from Somalia: I. Kalyptorhynchia (part 1)

In this first contribution on Somalian marine microturbellarians, a detailed description of three new species belonging to the family Polycystididae is given. Very few data are available on representatives of this family from the Indo-Pacific area. The available data are from the American Pacific coasts (Marcus, 1954a; Schockaert & Karling, 1970) and from the Antarctic (Karling, 1952). Karling (1952) described the first Polycystidid, Koinocystella inermis, with a copulatory organ of the conjuncta type; Schockaert & Karling (1970) proposed a new subfamily Duplacrorhynchinae to contain the three new species they described. The Somalian samples collected by the author contained three new species with a remarkable anatomy that deviates from the original Polycystidid schema. They are described below as Djeziraia pardiin.g. n.sp.,Hawadlia papii n.g. n.sp. and Phonorhynchoides somaliensis n. sp

Turbellaria Polycystididae (Kalyptorhynchia) of the Marseille area: III. <i>Albertorhynchus amai</i> n.g. n.sp.

A new polycystidid Albertorhynchus amai gen. et sp.nov. from the Mediterranean Sea is described. The new taxon is characterised by paired gonads, paired seminal vesicles, a bifurcated prostate stylet and an accessory hook, the seminal duct freely opening in the male canal. Two bursal complexes form the female atrial organs: a terminal bursa with internal cuticular lamellae and a bursa of the resorbiens type derived from the common female duct that opens in the dorsal wall of the common genital atrium. Relationships with known Polycystididae are discussed

Turbellaria from Somalia: 3. Lecithoepitheliata and Typhloplanoida

In this third contribution on marine Microturbellaria from Somalian littoral habitats, one new species of the Lecithoepitheliata, Gnosonesima tropicalis n. sp. and two new species of the Tyhloplanoida, Lenopharynx tubatus n. sp. and Brinkmanniella microps n. sp. Are described. The occurrence of Ptychoptera scutilifera Ehlers & Ax, 1974 with some additional notes on its anatomy, Microvahine corallicola Karling et al., 1972 and of a representative of the Kytorhynchidae is mentioned as well

Primary homology assessment of structures in the female atrial system among species of the Polycystididae (Rhabditophora, Eukalyptorhynchia)

The female atrial system of members of the Polycystididae has been studied at the light microscopical level and compared among the constituent taxa. Based on the criteria of position and conjunction, hypotheses of homology are put forward and compared with the assessments of homology found in earlier literature. Contradictory terminology is synonymized and adapted to fit new findings that recognize homology among structures in different taxa. Based on differences in position and structure, 2 types of female duct are recognized: female duct type I and female duct type II. The term "female bursa" is restricted to a sperm resorbing organ at the proximal end of the female duct type I and/or at the end of a common oviduct. Some species have bundles of glands at the place where the oviduct(s) enter the female duct type I, which are considered homologous among these species. Different types of seminal receptacles are recognized. The term "insemination duct" is restricted to the ducts which in some species, in addition to the oviducts, connect the ovaries with the female duct type I. A single muscular duct, the common oviduct, connects the joined oviducts with the female duct type I in species of Duplacrorhynchus and is considered homologous with the similar duct present in some other species. A uterus is always present, entering the common genital atrium through its frontal wall, or entering a female duct type II. This morphological review of the female atrial system reveals a mosaic distribution of characters if applied to previous phylogenies that are based primarily on the male reproductive system

Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic

Paraustrorhynchus gen. n., P. pacificus (California), Antiboreorhynchus novzelae sp. n. (New Zealand) and Gyratrix proaviformis sp. n. (Oregon) are described as new taxa. Additional notes are given on Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrbg. (new localities on the N. American Pacific coast), Scanorhynchus forcipatus Karling (new locality in California), Paraustrorhynchus elixus (Marcus) comb. n. and Alcha evelinae Marcus (new localities in California). The taxonomy of the genera and species is discussed. Viewpoints are presented on evolutionary trends and homologous atrial organs in the family Polycystididae