The effect of learning centers and interactive bulletin boards on student vocabulary word knowledge

The purpose of this project was to determine the effect of different vocabulary strategies on student comprehension. A main focus of the research is to determine the impact of learning centers and interactive bulletin boards in helping students develop word knowledge in the subject area of social studies. This study takes place in a fourth grade general education classroom in an elementary school in southern New Jersey. The research includes qualitative data from student surveys and interviews, and teacher questionnaires and interviews, as well as the two vocabulary interventions: a learning center and an interactive bulletin board. The students completed pre- and post-assessments for each intervention. The data was analyzed across each of the instruments to determine themes and patterns that were consistent. The results of this study seem to suggest that the use of non-traditional vocabulary strategies can increase students\u27 motivation towards vocabulary instruction

The Role of Standardization in Specialization of Ceramic Production at San Marcos Pueblo, New Mexico

In my dissertation research, I examine decorated pottery production at San Marcos Pueblo, in the Galisteo Basin of north central New Mexico. San Marcos Pueblo was occupied from A.D. 1250 until the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish in 1680. In previous research, San Marcos Pueblo was suggested to be a production center for Northern Rio Grande Glaze Wares (Glaze Ware) (Warren 1976, 1979). I evaluate this claim by examining over 700 pottery sherds and whole vessels from the site and surrounding region. In addition, I examine how pottery production at San Marcos was organized and how this structure changed through time. I examined attributes of the pottery using electron microprobe, petrographic, and attribute analyses to determine local production and degree of standardization of production throughout the occupational sequence at the site. Production specialization, defined as production over the needs of the household (Costin 2001), has been tied to product standardization. Standardization, reduction in variability of an assemblage, has thus been used as an indicator of specialization of ceramic production in archaeological contexts (Benco 1988; Costin 1991; Hagstrum 1985). However, its validity as an indicator of specialized production has been tested only in modern ethnographic contexts and with varying results (e.g., Benco 1988; London 1991; Longacre 1999; Roux 2003; Stark 1995). Within the Northern Rio Grande region of the Southwest, glaze-paint ceramics were produced from A.D. 1315 to 1700. Evidence suggestive of specialization in ceramic production in the Galisteo Basin is found in the glaze-paint ceramics made with latite or monzonite temper (a material found in and along the margins of the Galisteo Basin) occurring in ceramic assemblages from sites outside of the basin (Shepard 1942, 1965; Warren 1969, 1976, 1979). The widespread distribution is indicative of some level of specialized production in the Galisteo Basin, and specifically at San Marcos Pueblo. One important component of the organization of production is intensity, defined as the number of goods produced in a given unit of time (Costin 1991, 2001). High intensity of production is also frequently equated with standardization, assuming that the more time producers spend making pots (the higher the intensity of production), the more standardized their products become (Rice 1992). Previous researchers (Shepard 1942, 1965; Warren 1976, 1979) have argued that Glaze Ware production intensified from approximately A.D. 1400 to 1500, then decreased until the time this pottery was no longer produced. My dissertation research evaluates, first, the extent of production for local use and export at San Marcos, and second, the changes in the level of standardization throughout the production of Glaze Wares at the site. My dissertation results suggest that San Marcos Pueblo potters made more pottery than was used at the site and exported pots to sites throughout the Rio Grande Valley. In addition, the assemblage of pots at San Marcos is over 80% locally made, with the proportion rising to almost 100% during some of the most intense periods of production. These results support earlier suggestions of specialized production of pottery at the site. The findings for standardization are intriguing, as there are almost no changes in the level of standardization through time. These results indicate that the production system was incredibly stable, even with other major changes in the lives of the potters, including Spanish contact and the establishment of a Spanish mission at the site. In addition, my research at San Marcos suggests that there is not a direct relationship between intensity of production and standardization of the assemblage produced, at least at the low level of specialized production practiced at San Marcos

Quantum-secured imaging

We have built an imaging system that uses a photon's position or time-of-flight information to image an object, while using the photon's polarization for security. This ability allows us to obtain an image which is secure against an attack in which the object being imaged intercepts and resends the imaging photons with modified information. Popularly known as "jamming," this type of attack is commonly directed at active imaging systems such as radar. In order to jam our imaging system, the object must disturb the delicate quantum state of the imaging photons, thus introducing statistical errors that reveal its activity.Comment: 10 pages (double spaced), 5 figure

Joint transmitter selection and resource management strategy based on low probability of intercept optimization for distributed radar networks

In this paper, a joint transmitter selection and resource management (JTSRM) strategy based on low probability of intercept (LPI) is proposed for target tracking in distributed radar network system. The basis of the JTSRM strategy is to utilize the optimization technique to control transmitting resources of radar networks in order to improve the LPI performance, while guaranteeing a specified target tracking accuracy. The weighted intercept probability and transmit power of radar networks is defined and subsequently employed as the optimization criterion for the JTSRM strategy. The resulting optimization problem is to minimize the LPI performance criterion of radar networks by optimizing the revisit interval, dwell time, transmitter selection, and transmit power subject to a desired target tracking performance and some resource constraints. An efficient and fast three‐step solution technique is also developed to solve this problem. The presented mechanism implements the optimal working parameters based on the feedback information in the tracking recursion cycle in order to improve the LPI performance for radar networks. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the superior performance of the proposed JTSRM strategy

Assertiones medicae

quas ... pro bravio doctoris in arte medica consequendo ad VI. Decemb. hora locoque consuetis publicè propugnabit Iohannes Schleherus CellensisEnth. 60 ThesenDiss. med. Basel, 159

The Role of Standardization in Specialization of Ceramic Production at San Marcos Pueblo, New Mexico

In my dissertation research, I examine decorated pottery production at San Marcos Pueblo, in the Galisteo Basin of north central New Mexico. San Marcos Pueblo was occupied from A.D. 1250 until the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish in 1680. In previous research, San Marcos Pueblo was suggested to be a production center for Northern Rio Grande Glaze Wares (Glaze Ware) (Warren 1976, 1979). I evaluate this claim by examining over 700 pottery sherds and whole vessels from the site and surrounding region. In addition, I examine how pottery production at San Marcos was organized and how this structure changed through time. I examined attributes of the pottery using electron microprobe, petrographic, and attribute analyses to determine local production and degree of standardization of production throughout the occupational sequence at the site. Production specialization, defined as production over the needs of the household (Costin 2001), has been tied to product standardization. Standardization, reduction in variability of an assemblage, has thus been used as an indicator of specialization of ceramic production in archaeological contexts (Benco 1988; Costin 1991; Hagstrum 1985). However, its validity as an indicator of specialized production has been tested only in modern ethnographic contexts and with varying results (e.g., Benco 1988; London 1991; Longacre 1999; Roux 2003; Stark 1995). Within the Northern Rio Grande region of the Southwest, glaze-paint ceramics were produced from A.D. 1315 to 1700. Evidence suggestive of specialization in ceramic production in the Galisteo Basin is found in the glaze-paint ceramics made with latite or monzonite temper (a material found in and along the margins of the Galisteo Basin) occurring in ceramic assemblages from sites outside of the basin (Shepard 1942, 1965; Warren 1969, 1976, 1979). The widespread distribution is indicative of some level of specialized production in the Galisteo Basin, and specifically at San Marcos Pueblo. One important component of the organization of production is intensity, defined as the number of goods produced in a given unit of time (Costin 1991, 2001). High intensity of production is also frequently equated with standardization, assuming that the more time producers spend making pots (the higher the intensity of production), the more standardized their products become (Rice 1992). Previous researchers (Shepard 1942, 1965; Warren 1976, 1979) have argued that Glaze Ware production intensified from approximately A.D. 1400 to 1500, then decreased until the time this pottery was no longer produced. My dissertation research evaluates, first, the extent of production for local use and export at San Marcos, and second, the changes in the level of standardization throughout the production of Glaze Wares at the site. My dissertation results suggest that San Marcos Pueblo potters made more pottery than was used at the site and exported pots to sites throughout the Rio Grande Valley. In addition, the assemblage of pots at San Marcos is over 80% locally made, with the proportion rising to almost 100% during some of the most intense periods of production. These results support earlier suggestions of specialized production of pottery at the site. The findings for standardization are intriguing, as there are almost no changes in the level of standardization through time. These results indicate that the production system was incredibly stable, even with other major changes in the lives of the potters, including Spanish contact and the establishment of a Spanish mission at the site. In addition, my research at San Marcos suggests that there is not a direct relationship between intensity of production and standardization of the assemblage produced, at least at the low level of specialized production practiced at San Marcos.National Science FoundationAnthropologyDoctoralUniversity of New Mexico. Dept. of AnthropologyCrown, PatriciaRamenofsky, AnnHabicht-Mauche, JudithChapman, Richar