Training Characteristics of the Criterion Task Set Workload Assessment Battery

An evaluation of the Criterion Task Set was performed to determine the training requirements for the various tasks. Twenty subjects were divided into four groups. One group trained on all nine tasks in the battery. The other three groups trained on different three-task subsets. All subjects trained for two hours per day on five consecutive days. Response time, accuracy and subjective workload measures were obtained for each trial.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Hubble Space Telescope Images of the Ultraluminous Supernova Remnant Complex in NGC 6946

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) narrow-passband Hα and [S II] images and broadband continuum images of the region around an extremely luminous optical and X-ray supernova remnant complex in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946. These images, obtained with the PC1 CCD of the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2, show a circular, limb-brightened shell of diameter 035 [9 d/(5.1 Mpc) pc] superposed on the edge of a larger, lower surface brightness elliptical shell (14 × 08, or 34 pc × 20 pc). The HST images allow us to see that the [S II] : Hα ratio remains high across both shells, indicating that both are collisionally heated. A brightening of the Hα and [S II] line emission arises on the eastern side of the smaller shell, where it is apparently interacting with the western edge of the larger shell. Our HST V image includes the nebula\u27s strong [O III] λ5007 emission in the blue wing of the filter, providing a glimpse at the [O III] nebular morphology. The smaller shell looks similar, but the extended structure looks sharper than in Hα and [S II] images, reminiscent of a cavity wall. The HST and ground-based continuum images show the brightest members of the underlying and adjacent stellar population, indicating the presence of massive OB stars in and near the region. A new optical ground-based spectrum confirms that the [N II] : Hα ratio is enhanced in the region, consistent with mass loss from massive stars. These data show an average ([S II] λλ6716, 6731) : Hα ratio across both shells of ~1 and a mean electron density of ~400 cm-3, indicating preshock densities of order 10 cm-3. We interpret this nebular morphology and supporting information as an indication of multiple supernova explosions in relatively close temporal and spatial proximity. We discuss possible scenarios for this complex region and the reasons for its extreme luminosity

ROSAT HRI AND ASCA Observations of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 6946 and Its Northeast Complex of Luminous Supernova Remnants

Analysis of 80 ks ASCA and 60 ks ROSAT HRI observations of the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 6946 are presented. The ASCA image is the first observation of this galaxy above ~2 keV. Diffuse emission may be present in the inner ~4\u27 extending to energies above ~2–3 keV. In the HRI data, 14 pointlike sources are detected, the brightest two being a source very close to the nucleus and a source to the northeast that corresponds to a luminous complex of interacting supernova remnants (SNRs). We detect a point source that lies ~30\u27\u27 west of the SNR complex but with a luminosity ~1/15 of the SNR complex. None of the point sources show evidence of strong variability; weak variability would escape our detection. The ASCA spectrum of the SNR complex shows evidence for an emission line at ~0.9 keV that could be either Ne IX at ~0.915 keV or a blend of ion stages of Fe L-shell emission if the continuum is fitted with a power law. However, a two-component, Raymond-Smith thermal spectrum with no lines gives an equally valid continuum fit and may be more physically plausible given the observed spectrum below 3 keV. Adopting this latter model, we derive a density for the SNR complex of 10–35 cm-3, consistent with estimates inferred from optical emission-line ratios. The complex\u27s extraordinary X-ray luminosity may be related more to the high density of the surrounding medium than to a small but intense interaction region where two of the complex\u27s SNRs are apparently colliding

ROSAT HRI AND ASCA Observations of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 6946 and Its Northeast Complex of Luminous Supernova Remnants

Analysis of 80 ks ASCA and 60 ks ROSAT HRI observations of the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 6946 are presented. The ASCA image is the first observation of this galaxy above ~2 keV. Diffuse emission may be present in the inner ~4\u27 extending to energies above ~2–3 keV. In the HRI data, 14 pointlike sources are detected, the brightest two being a source very close to the nucleus and a source to the northeast that corresponds to a luminous complex of interacting supernova remnants (SNRs). We detect a point source that lies ~30\u27\u27 west of the SNR complex but with a luminosity ~1/15 of the SNR complex. None of the point sources show evidence of strong variability; weak variability would escape our detection. The ASCA spectrum of the SNR complex shows evidence for an emission line at ~0.9 keV that could be either Ne IX at ~0.915 keV or a blend of ion stages of Fe L-shell emission if the continuum is fitted with a power law. However, a two-component, Raymond-Smith thermal spectrum with no lines gives an equally valid continuum fit and may be more physically plausible given the observed spectrum below 3 keV. Adopting this latter model, we derive a density for the SNR complex of 10–35 cm-3, consistent with estimates inferred from optical emission-line ratios. The complex\u27s extraordinary X-ray luminosity may be related more to the high density of the surrounding medium than to a small but intense interaction region where two of the complex\u27s SNRs are apparently colliding

Oral S-ketamine effective after deep brain stimulation in severe treatment-resistant depression and extensive comorbidities

This case report describes successful maintenance treatment with oral S-ketamine in a patient with severe depression, who previously was resistant to electroconvulsive therapy and deep brain stimulation, and who also had comorbid psychotic and obsessive compulsive symptoms

Multiple Members of a Third Subfamily of P-Type ATPases Identified by Genomic Sequences and ESTs

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome contains five P-type ATPases divergent from both of the well-known subfamilies of these membrane ion transporters. This newly recognized third subfamily can be further divided into four classes of genes with nearly equal relatedness to each other. Genes of this new subfamily are also present and expressed in multicellular organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals; some, but not all, can be assigned to the classes identified in yeast. Different classes of genes and different genes within a class are expressed differentially in tissues of the mouse. The recently cloned gene for the mammalian aminophospholipid translocase belongs to this new subfamily, suggesting that other subfamily members may transport other lipids or lipid-like molecules from one leaflet of the membrane bilayer to the other

An unexpectedly high degree of specialization and a widespread involvement in sterol metabolism among the C. elegans putative aminophospholipid translocases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>P-type ATPases in subfamily IV are exclusively eukaryotic transmembrane proteins that have been proposed to directly translocate the aminophospholipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from the exofacial to the cytofacial monolayer of the plasma membrane. Eukaryotic genomes contain many genes encoding members of this subfamily. At present it is unclear why there are so many genes of this kind per organism or what individual roles these genes perform in organism development.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have systematically investigated expression and developmental function of the six, <it>tat-1 </it>through <it>6</it>, subfamily IV P-type ATPase genes encoded in the <it>Caenorhabditis elegans </it>genome. <it>tat-5 </it>is the only ubiquitously-expressed essential gene in the group. <it>tat-6 </it>is a poorly-transcribed recent duplicate of <it>tat-5</it>. <it>tat-2 </it>through <it>4 </it>exhibit tissue-specific developmentally-regulated expression patterns. Strong expression of both <it>tat-2 </it>and <it>tat-4 </it>occurs in the intestine and certain other cells of the alimentary system. The two are also expressed in the uterus, during spermatogenesis and in the fully-formed spermatheca. <it>tat-2 </it>alone is expressed in the pharyngeal gland cells, the excretory system and a few cells of the developing vulva. The expression pattern of <it>tat-3 </it>is almost completely different from those of <it>tat-2 </it>and <it>tat-4</it>. <it>tat-3 </it>expression is detectable in the steroidogenic tissues: the hypodermis and the XXX cells, as well as in most cells of the pharynx (except gland), various tissues of the reproductive system (except uterus and spermatheca) and seam cells. Deletion of <it>tat-1 </it>through <it>4 </it>individually interferes little or not at all with the regular progression of organism growth and development under normal conditions. However, <it>tat-2 </it>through <it>4 </it>become essential for reproductive growth during sterol starvation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>tat-5 </it>likely encodes a housekeeping protein that performs the proposed aminophospholipid translocase function routinely. Although individually dispensable, <it>tat-1 </it>through <it>4 </it>seem to be at most only partly redundant. Expression patterns and the sterol deprivation hypersensitivity deletion phenotype of <it>tat-2 </it>through <it>4 </it>suggest that these genes carry out subtle metabolic functions, such as fine-tuning sterol metabolism in digestive or steroidogenic tissues. These findings uncover an unexpectedly high degree of specialization and a widespread involvement in sterol metabolism among the genes encoding the putative aminophospholipid translocases.</p

The Blue Tip of the Stellar Locus: Measuring Reddening with the SDSS

We present measurements of reddening due to dust using the colors of stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We measure the color of main sequence turn-off stars by finding the "blue tip" of the stellar locus: the prominent blue edge in the distribution of stellar colors. The method is sensitive to color changes of order 18, 12, 7, and 8 mmag of reddening in the colors u-g, g-r, r-i, and i-z, respectively, in regions measuring 90' by 14'. We present maps of the blue tip colors in each of these bands over the entire SDSS footprint, including the new dusty southern Galactic cap data provided by the SDSS-III. The results disfavor the best fit O'Donnell (1994) and Cardelli et al. (1989) reddening laws, but are well described by a Fitzpatrick (1999) reddening law with R_V = 3.1. The SFD dust map is found to trace the dust well, but overestimates reddening by factors of 1.4, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 in u-g, g-r, r-i, and i-z, largely due to the adopted reddening law. In select dusty regions of the sky, we find evidence for problems in the SFD temperature correction. A dust map normalization difference of 15% between the Galactic north and south sky may be due to these dust temperature errors.Comment: 18 pages, 22 figure