Identifying the potential CO2-efficiency for the Deutsche Post DHL delivery fleet based on vehicle technology scenarios

In order to identify the CO2-reduction potential of the German delivery fleet of Deutsche Post DHL, this study analyzes 3 different fleet scenarios. Based on a newly developed driving cycle that matches the specific requirements of delivery trucks, fuel consumptions for 6 different types of powertrains have been simulated. Subsequently, 3 fleet scenarios up to 2020 have been calculated with VECTOR21. A comparison of potential CO2-reductions and corresponding costs for the entire delivery fleet showed that significantly lowered CO2-emissions do not necessarily cause higher cost for the fleet operator

Time order error in speech perception : electrophysiological evidence.

To investigate how temporal features of speech sounds are processed, elechophysiological data (AEP) were registered in a deviant detection task. Stimuli were presented in an oddball design, employing a 5-step voice onset time (VOT) continuum from [ba] to [pa]. Deviant AEPs showed both an enhanced Nland N2b component compared with standard AEPs. Moreover, when standards had a longer VOT than deviants, deviant AEPs showed a substantial reduction ofthe P2 component. This effect was missing when the same stimuli were presented in a context of standards having a shorter VOT. It appears that this effect is due to an earlier onset of the N2b component in the former condition, indicating that conscious detection of deviant stimuli is easier under conditions where a short VOT is matched asainst a template of a long VOT