Manifestation of incompatibility of marine residual fuels: a method for determining compatibility, studying composition of fuels and sediment

The results of studying the problem of active sediment formation when mixing residual fuels, caused by manifestation of incompatibility, are presented. A laboratory method has been developed for determining the compatibility and stability of fuels allowing identification of a quantitative characteristic of sediment formation activity. Laboratory studies were performed, and incompatible fuel components were identified. Tests were made to determine the quality indicators of samples and group individual composition of fuels. Results on the content of total and inorganic carbon in the obtained sediments were determined using Shimadzu TOC-V SSM 5000A. Chemical composition was determined and calculated on LECO CHN-628 analyser. Group composition of hydrocarbon fuels contained in the sediment was studied by gas chromato-mass spectrometry on GCMS-QP2010 Ultra Shimadzu. To obtain additional information on the structural group composition of fuel sediment, IR spectrometry was performed on IR-Fourier spectrometer IRAffinity-1. X-ray diffraction analysis of sediment samples was made using X-ray diffractometer XRD-7000 Shimadzu; interplanar distances d002 and d100 as well as Lс and Lа crystallite sizes served as the evaluation criteria. Microstructural analysis of total sediment was performed by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the research confirmed that the content of normal alkanes in the fuel mixture mainly affects sediment formation. Recommendations were drawn on preserving the quality of fuels and reducing sediment formation during storage and transportation

MAGNETIC-PULSED TREATMENT TO IMPROVE THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF DEFECTIVE SECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINES

Link for citation: Schipachev A.M., Mohammed Aljadly. Magnetic-pulse treatment to improve the strength properties of defective sections of oil and gas pipelines. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 5, рр.7-16.In Rus. The relevance. During the operation of oil and gas pipelines, continuity defects (including point and linear defects such as delamination, cracks of various nature, etc.) occur in their structure. The peculiarity of material continuity defects is caused by the fact that in the process of loading the defects cause stress concentration near their tops, which leads to a rapid increase in their number and geometric dimensions, followed by the merging of the latter and the formation of large discontinuities, and as a consequence, the strength properties of pipelines decrease. Consequently, early detection of metal continuity defects and their elimination before they reach a critical size are urgent tasks. The solution of which will significantly improve the operational and strength properties of the working elements of pipelines and extend their lifespan. The main aim of the research is to study the effectiveness of magnetic-pulse treatment to improve the strength properties of used oil and gas pipelines by reducing the defects size. Objects: defective sections of main oil and gas pipelines. Methods: magnetic pulse treatment of samples on a magnetic-pulse unit MPU-10-SSAU 10, determination of temperature changes caused by magnetic-pulse treatment, testing samples for impact strength on a pendulum-testing machine, comparison of the obtained results for treated and untreated samples, determination of the effect of magnetic-pulse treatment on the strength properties of gas pipeline metal, study of the fracture surface of samples after impact tests. Results. It was established experimentally that the impact strength of the treated samples increased by 14 % compared to the untreated samples. Snapshots of the temperature distribution during the magnetic-pulse treatment showed a significant increase in temperature near the crack tips. It was found that destruction of the metal subjected to magnetic-pulse action acquired more viscous character

Study of the Pipeline in Emergency Operation and Assessing the Magnitude of the Gas Leak

Accidents on gas pipelines cause significant damage to the national economy and the economy of the state. Thus, it is necessary to always be prepared for such situations in order to restore the normal operation of the gas pipeline as soon as possible. An important role is played by the execution time of the control actions to localize the accident, pump out the gas, and change the operating modes. It is essential that such control be undertaken, especially if such a situation occurs near a gas-measuring installation for measuring the amount of vented gas. Therefore, the control actions must be error-free in order to quickly stop the non-stationary process, which can lead to undesirable consequences. The paper presents a mathematical model of the operation of the pipeline, developed for the management of the pipeline in an emergency. The analysis of the problem of the occurrence of accidents was carried out, and the effect of liquid on its walls was modeled when the operating mode of the pipeline changed. An example is presented using a numerical model carried out in ANSYS, as well as being analyzed analytically. The results of the calculations are presented, and special attention is paid to the parameters influencing the change in the operating mode of the pipeline

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Magnetic-Pulse Treatment for Healing Continuity Defects in the Metal of Oil and Gas Pipelines

This research paper addresses the issues in evaluating the effectiveness of magnetic-pulse treatment for healing continuity defects in the metal of oil and gas pipelines. A theoretical analysis of the magnetic-pulse action mechanism on continuity defects in the metal was carried out. The results of experimental studies of the effect of magnetic-pulse action on continuity defects of thick-walled samples, cut from used gas pipelines containing microcracks with different geometries, are also presented. The samples were processed under two different technological operating modes of the magnetic-pulse unit: the applied energy was 10 kJ for the first mode and 20 kJ for the second mode. The state of the cracks’ microstructure before and after the magnetic pulse treatment was studied using an optical microscope. As a result of the studies, it was found that magnetic-pulse treatment led to local heating of the crack tips, which was confirmed by the formation of a heat-affected zone in the vicinity of the crack tips. The temperature at the crack tips reached the metal’s melting point at the applied energy of 20 kJ, whereas at the energy of 10 kJ, signs of metal melting were not noted. In the course of the conducted experiments, it was found that the cracks were not completely eliminated after magnetic-pulse treatment; however, the edges of the crack tips melted, with subsequent filling by molten material. Magnetic-pulse treatment resulted in blunting of the crack tips, as their shape became smoother. It was established that the geometry and shape of the crack tip have significant influences on the effectiveness of this technology, as a narrow and sharp crack tip required less energy to reach the metal’s melting point compared to smoother one. The effect of magnetic pulse treatment on the microstructure of pipeline metal and its strength characteristics was also studied. It was found that this treatment leads to structural changes in the area of the crack tip in the form of grain refinement and subsequent strengthening of the pipeline metal

On the Integration of CO₂ Capture Technologies for an Oil Refinery

This study determines and presents the capital and operating costs imposed by the use of CO2 capture technologies in the refining and petrochemical sectors. Depending on the refining process and the CO2 capture method, CO2 emissions costs of EUR 30 to 40 per ton of CO2 can be avoided. Advanced low-temperature CO2 capture technologies for upgrading oxyfuel reformers may not provide any significant long-term and short-term benefits compared to conventional technologies. For this reason, an analysis was performed to estimate the CO2 reduction potential for the oil and gas industries using short- and long-term ST/MT technologies, was arriving at a reduction potential of about 0.5–1 Gt/yr. The low cost of CO2 reduction is a result of the good integration of CO2 capture into the oil production process. The results show that advanced gasoline fraction recovery with integrated CO2 capture can reduce the cost of producing petroleum products and reduce CO2 emissions, while partial CO2 capture has comparative advantages in some cases