SCSBRS 113 - Tio Taka: cultivar de arroz irrigado obtida através de seleção recorrente.

O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar e discutir os principais resultados que levaram ao lançamento da SCSBRS 113 ? TioTaka para plantio em Santa Catarina e apresentar a metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento da referida cultivar

Desfolhamento artificial durante o estádio de antese do girassol

In order to study the effects of various leaf removal treatments during anthesis stage on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grain yield and other agronomic traits, an experiment was carried out at the Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Guaíba, RS, Brazil, during the 1981/82 growing season. The leaf removal treatments were: an undefoliated check, leaves of the plant upper third removed, leaves of medium third removed, leaves of lower third removed, leaves of upper third plus lower third removed, leaves of upper plus medium thirds removed, leaves of medium plus lower thirds removed and all leaves removed. These eight leaf removal treatments were applied in two times: at the beginning and at the end of anthesis of ‘Conti-GH 8121’ sunflower cultivar. When compared with the undefoliated check, grain yield decreased from 9 to 80% with the defoliation treatments, except for two: removal of leaves of upper third of the plant and removal of the leaves of lower third of the plant. The yield component grain number in heads was affected only by leaf defoliation levels whereas the other component, grain weight, was affected by date as well as by levels of defoliation. The diameter of sunflower heads and the harvest index were also affected by defoliation date and level. Grain yield was positively associated with all other traits studied.Para avaliar os efeitos de diversos níveis de remoção de folhas durante o estádio de antese sobre o rendimento de grãos e outras características agronómicas do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), foi conduzido este ensaio na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Guaíba, RS, no ano agrícola de 1981/82. Os níveis de desfolhamento utilizados foram: testemunha, sem remoção de folhas; remoção das folhas do terço superior das plantas, do terço médio, do terço inferior, do terço superior mais terço inferior, do terço superior mais terço médio, do terço médio mais terço inferior e remoção de todas as folhas. Estes oito níveis de remoção de folhas foram aplicados em duas épocas de desfolhamento, início e final da antese da cultivar Conti-GH 8121. Comparado com a testemunha, o rendimento de grãos decresceu entre 9 e 80% com a aplicação dos níveis de desfolhamento, exceto para dois tratamentos, remoção das folhas do terço superior e remoção das folhas do terço inferior das plantas. O componente do rendimento número de grãos por capítulo foi afetado apenas pelos níveis de desfolhamento enquanto o componente peso de grãos foi afetado pelas épocas e pelos níveis de desfolhamento. O diâmetro de capítulos e índice de colheita também foram afetados pelos tratamentos níveis e épocas de desfolhamento. O rendimento de grãos associou-se positivamente com todas as características estudadas

Establishment of the irrigated rice cultivar SCSBRS Tio Taka by recurrent selection.

This study aimed to present and discuss the recurrent selection methodology used in the development of the rice cultivar SCSBRS Tio Taka. This cultivar, derived from the population CNA-IRAT 4, achieves high yields and has agronomic traits related to a better performance in the pre-germinated cultivation system used in Santa Catarina State. The molecular characterization of Tio Taka and CNA-IRAT 4 parents with 16 SSR markers showed that one of the parents, BG 90-2, was highly similar to SCSBRS Tio Taka. The most probable reason was that SCSBRS Tio Taka was extracted from CNA-IRAT 4 in the second recombination cycle, preventing the ccurrence of a high level of recombination and favoring the phenotypic selection of plants derived from crosses with BG 90-2 as parent, once this line has one of the best plant architectures and yields

Tuning Drop Motion by Chemical Patterning of Surfaces

We report the results of extensive experimental studies of the sliding of water drops on chemically heterogeneous surfaces formed by square and triangular hydrophobic domains printed on glass surfaces and arranged in various symmetric patterns. Overall, the critical Bond number, that is, the critical dimensionless force needed to depin the drop, is found to be strongly affected by the shape and the spatial arrangement of the domains. Soon after the droplet begins to move, stick–slip motion is observed on all surfaces, although it is less pronounced than that on striped surfaces. On the triangular patterns, anisotropic behavior is found with drops sliding down faster when the tips of the glass hydrophilic triangles are pointing in the down-plane direction. Away from the critical Bond number, the dynamic regime depends mainly on the static contact angle and weakly on the actual surface pattern. Lattice Boltzmann numerical simulations are performed to validate the experimental results and test the importance of the viscous ratio between the droplet phase and the outer phase

Establishment of the irrigated rice cultivar SCSBRS Tio Taka by recurrent selection.

This study aimed to present and discuss the recurrent selection methodology used in the development of the rice cultivar SCSBRS Tio Taka. This cultivar, derived from the population CNA-IRAT 4, achieves high yields and has agronomic traits related to a better performance in the pre-germinated cultivation system used in Santa Catarina State. The molecular characterization of Tio Taka and CNA-IRAT 4 parents with 16 SSR markers showed that one of the parents, BG 90-2, was highly similar to SCSBRS Tio Taka. The most probable reason was that SCSBRS Tio Taka was extracted from CNA-IRAT 4 in the second recombination cycle, preventing the ccurrence of a high level of recombination and favoring the phenotypic selection of plants derived from crosses with BG 90-2 as parent, once this line has one of the best plant architectures and yields.200

Aplicação tardia de glyphosate e estande e desenvolvimento inicial do arroz em sistema de cultivo mínimo Delayed application of glyphosate and stand and initial growth of rice plants (Oryza sativa) under a minimum tillage system

O controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do arroz é ainda um problema, mesmo em cultivo mínimo, em razão do revolvimento do solo na linha de semeadura, que proporciona o reaparecimento de infestantes. Assim, objetivou-se estudar o efeito do atraso da aplicação de glyphosate sobre a formação do estande e o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de arroz cv. IAC 102 irrigado por inundação. O experimento foi conduzido sob túnel plástico, em caixas d'água de 500 L, contendo NEOSSOLO FLÚVICO Ta Eutrófico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de glyphosate: seis horas antes da semeadura do arroz (testemunha); no início da emergência; três dias após a emergência; e seis dias após, sem e com lâmina d'água. A dose do herbicida foi de 1.920 g i.a. ha-1. Para todas as variáveis analisadas houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos; aos 42 dias após a emergência, constatou-se que a testemunha foi estatisticamente superior, na formação do estande, na altura de plantas, no comprimento de raiz e na massa seca das partes aérea e de raiz, aos demais tratamentos em que ocorreram atrasos na aplicação do glyphosate.<br>Weed control is still one of the most important problems of rice production, even under a reduced-tillage system. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of delayed application of glyphosate on paddy rice cv. IAC 102. The experiment was conducted under plastic tunnels with rice plants growing in water tanks of 500 liters of capacity, containing Alluvial soil. Treatments consisted of glyphosate application on the soil surface six hours before sowing, (control) at seedling emergence, three days after, and six days after, combined or not with water flooding. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications and the herbicide dosage was 1,920 g a.i. ha-1. There was a significant effect of the treatments on the variables studied. The results showed that the control treatment (when glyphosate was applided six hours befores sowing) was statistically superior to the other treatments in stand formation, plant height, root length and plant/root dry matter