Female-Asymmetric Hybrid Animation: Why Eve is Called “Mother of All Living”

In 1995, Francisco Ayala considered biblical Eve a myth, because a relatively recent single-pair bottleneck is unable to sustain the observed polymorphism of the human immune system. In 2011, Kenneth Kemp showed that Ayala’s conclusion depends on an implicit condition, to wit, that God animates all and only progeny of two animated parents. Here we show that both biology (the polymorphism) and scripture (Eve’s historical existence) are equally saved, upon assuming that God animates all and only progeny of animated mothers. We present three reasons in favor this prima facie rather odd restriction: (i) it solves two long-standing biological riddles; (ii) it explains Eve’s scriptural title of “mother of all living”; and (iii) it fully respects the theology of Christ’s perfect humanity (for His lacking a biological father)

Retrieving the susceptibility from time-resolved terahertz experiments

Copyright © 2007 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Journal of Chemical Physics 127 (2007) and may be found at http://link.aip.org/link/?JCPSA6/127/094308/1We present an analytical expression for the observed signal in time- and phase-resolved pump-probe studies, with particular emphasis on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Maxwell's equations are solved for the response of damped, harmonic oscillators to a driving probe field in the perturbative regime. Our analytical expressions agree with the one previously reported in the literature [Nemec et al., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 104503 (2005)] in the Drude limit; however, they differ in the case of a vibrational resonanc

Interchain effects in the ultrafast photophysics of a semiconducting polymer: THz time-domain spectroscopy of thin films and isolated chains in solution

Euan Hendry, Mattijs Koeberg, Juleon M. Schins, H. K. Nienhuys, V. Sundström, L. D. A. Siebbeles, and Mischa Bonn, Physical Review B, Vol. 71, article 125201 (2005). "Copyright © 2005 by the American Physical Society."We compare the generation and decay dynamics of charges and excitons in a model polymer semiconductor (MEH-PPV) in solution and drop-cast thin films, by recording the sub-ps transient complex conductivity using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The results show that the quantum efficiency of charge generation is two orders of magnitude smaller in solution (~10–5) than in the solid film (~10–3). The proximity of neighboring chains in the films apparently facilitates (hot) exciton dissociation, presumably by allowing the electron and hole to separate on different polymer strands. For both samples, photoexcitation leads to the predominant formation of bound charge pairs (excitons) that can be detected through their polarizability. Surprisingly, the polarizability per absorbed photon is a factor of 3 larger in solution than in the film, suggesting that interchain interactions in the film do not result in a substantial delocalization of the exciton wave function

Simultaneous ultrafast probing of intramolecular vibrations and photoinduced charge carriers in rubrene using broadband time-domain THz spectroscopy

Mattijs Koeberg, Euan Hendry, Juleon M. Schins, Hendrik A. van Laarhoven, Cees F. J. Flipse, Klaus Reimann, Michael Woerner, Thomas Elsaesser, and Mischa Bonn, Physical Review B, Vol. 75, article 195216 (2007). "Copyright © 2007 by the American Physical Society."We determine the ultrafast frequency- and time-resolved complex dielectric responses of photoexcited, single-crystal rubrene in the frequency range of 10–30 THz (330–1000 cm−1) using ultrafast broadband THz spectroscopy. In this frequency range, we observe the response of both photogenerated mobile charges and intramolecular vibrational modes simultaneously, both of which vary with time after excitation. The data in conjunction with a theoretical model indicate a dynamic blueshift of the 15.5 THz phonon

Interpretation of ultrafast pump-probe terahertz experiments in the time domain: How to exploit two-dimensional correlations

Optical-pump-terahertz-probe spectroscopy has the potential to distinguish between several classes of carrier motion, among others high-frequency oscillatory motion, free motion, and quasifree motion within bounded domains. We present a simplified formalism, applicable to thin samples, which allows identification of these three classes of photoexcited species on basis of the two-dimensional correlations in the time-domain experimental data.ChemE/Chemical EngineeringApplied Science

Orientation of the chromophore dipoles in the TOTO-DNA system

Background: \ud Flow cytometry has been applied successfully to the sizing of medium to large-sized DNA molecules, thanks to the excellent staining properties of cyanine chromophores such as TOTO (homodimer of thiazole orange) (Petty et al.: Anal Chem 67:1755-1761, 1995). The hydrodynamic flow, used to focus the sample molecules in a small laser-illuminated volume, is also responsible for their alignment, thereby allowing the determination of the TOTO-dipole orientation with respect to the DNA axis (Agronskaia et al.: Appl Opt 38:714-719, 1999). -\ud Methods: \ud We present model calculations of the fluorescence yield of TOTO-stained DNA measured in a flow-cytometric setup with high numerical aperture. The models consider different orientations of the chromophore dipoles. - \ud Results: \ud Comparison of measurement and calculation suggests that the absorption dipoles of the TOTO molecule make a mean angle of 61° with the helix axis of the DNA molecule. This mean angle can be the consequence of two binding modes. - Conclusions: \ud Our results indicate that any model with a significant contribution of perpendicularly-oriented chromophores fails to reproduce the experimental results