Comparison of Functional Capacity and Outcomes of Patients with Rotator Cuff Injury: Surgery Versus Non-Invasive Methods

Rotator cuff tears are acute or chronic tears of one or more of four specific muscles that encompass the glenohumeral joint. These tears can cause pain, decrease range of motion, and affect an individual for many years if not treated appropriately. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the most appropriate means of treatment between surgery, physical therapy, and injection therapies. The literature review was performed using electronic search databases CINAHL, PubMed, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Research Gate. Studies were included if they directly evaluated the efficacy of surgical rotator cuff methods, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, mesenchymal stem cell injections, or platelet rich plasma injections. Studies were excluded if the sole purpose was to compare different variations of repairs (single row versus double row, etc.). Other non-operative methods of treatment including acupuncture, alternative therapies, or experimental solutions were also not considered. No anecdotal reports or single case studies were included. Studies were narrowed down by currency, only taking literature from 2015 to current date. The review showed that there are specific variables to consider that will aid in which management route will be most effective. Age, tear size, and patient activity level are three factors which influence outcomes. Conservative measures in chronic rotator cuff tear cases are first line, these include physical therapy and corticosteroid injections. If these therapies fail, then surgery is warranted and is an effective treatment for this injury

Professional Responsibility: An Open-Source Casebook

We wanted this casebook to be as easy to use and understand as possible. Accordingly, we included not only cases, but also the text of the rules and restatements, as well as concise explanations of the relevant law. Each chapter of the book addresses a different issue, in the following format. First, it clearly and concisely explains the relevant law governing that issue. Then provides the relevant text of any statutes, Model Rules, sections of the Restatement of the Law Governing Lawyers, or other sources, with a link to an open-source versions of the full text, when available. It provides one or more heavily edited cases intended to illustrate the application of the law at issue, with a link to an open-source version of the full text of the case. Each case is preceded by a brief summary of its facts, reasoning, and holding, and followed by questions intended to indicate subjects for further investigation or discussion. And finally, it includes citations to law review articles and other materials relevant to the law at issue, with links to open-source versions of those materials, when available.This casebook covers a wide range of different subjects related to the professional responsibility of attorneys. While it is possible to cover all of this material in a three credit-hour course, you may wish to omit some subjects. You may also wish to supplement the materials in this casebook with additional materials. We encourage you to use this casebook in any way that you like.This casebook is licensed “Creative Commons 0 / No Rights Reserved.” That means that we explicitly disclaim any copyright claim in all of the original elements that we created in writing this casebook and have intentionally placed the casebook in the public domain. Because this casebook is in the public domain, you can use the materials in it in any way that you like, with or without attribution. Of course, the casebook contains many copyrighted elements that belong to other people and that we used pursuant to fair use. Those elements are still protected by copyright.We hope that this free casebook helps show that it is possible to create teaching materials for legal education in an open-source format. And we hope it makes access to the law governing legal practice more accessible to law students, attorneys, and anyone interested in the regulation of the legal profession.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/lawfac_book/1004/thumbnail.jp

Co-Creation and Collaboration in a Virtual World: A 3D Visualization Design Project in Second Life

One of the most successful and useful implementations of 3D virtual worlds is in the area of education and training. This paper discusses the use of virtual worlds in education and describes an innovative 3D visualization design project using one of the most popular virtual worlds, Second Life. This ongoing project is a partnership between IBM and three universities in the United States: the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Iowa State University, and Wright State University. More than 400 MBA students have participated in this project by completing a creative design project that involves co-creation and collaboration in Second Life. The MBA students from the three universities worked in pairs to create designs to represent concepts related to IBM Power Systems, a family of IBM servers. The paper discusses observations and reflections on the 3D visualization design project. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions in applying virtual worlds in education

Gender Differences in Virtual Collaboration on a Creative Design Task

Collaboration is an important activity in every organization because it fundamentally affects work processes and organizational outcomes. Diversity adds complexity to the mechanism of virtual teams because teams routinely operate virtually by spanning temporal, geographic, national, and cultural boundaries. One important way to decode such complexity is to understand gender differences and their impacts on virtual modes of collaboration. In this research, we examine gender differences and how they influence outcomes and attitudes on virtual collaboration in the context of team gender composition. Phase one of our study involved male-male dyads and female-female dyads that collaborated virtually in Second Life. The preliminary results show that impression management and team effort both have significant positive impacts on team outcomes (trust and satisfaction). Phase two of our study is on dyads of mixed gender

Team Collaboration in Virtual Worlds: The Role of Task Complexity

Virtual worlds are three-dimensional, computer-generated worlds where team collaboration is facilitated through the use of shared virtual space. In this research, we are interested in studying the effect of task complexity on team collaboration. We use a puzzle as the collaboration task and manipulate task complexity using the number of puzzle pieces. We hypothesize that task complexity will influence team cohesion as well as satisfaction with team process and outcome, increase the time taken to complete the task, and increase the relative unevenness in team members\u27 contributions in terms of physical effort to accomplish the task due to the increased challenge of the task

Team Collaboration in Virtual Worlds: The Role of Task Complexity

Virtual worlds are three-dimensional, computer-generated worlds where team collaboration can be facilitated through the useof shared virtual space and mediated using an avatar. In this study, we examined the effect of task complexity on teamcollaboration. We used a puzzle game in Second Life as the collaborative task and manipulated task component complexityby varying the number of pieces in the puzzle. We hypothesize that task complexity will influence team trust, team processsatisfaction, and one’s attraction to the team in virtual team collaboration. The experimental results show that task complexityhas significant effects on team trust and team process satisfaction

Validation and application of the Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer: an automated tool to assess non-verbal emotional expressions in psychotherapy

Background Emotions play a key role in psychotherapy. However, a problem with examining emotional states via self-report questionnaires is that the assessment usually takes place after the actual emotion has been experienced which might lead to biases and continuous human ratings are time and cost intensive. Using the AI-based software package Non-Verbal Behavior Analyzer (NOVA), video-based emotion recognition of arousal and valence can be applied in naturalistic psychotherapeutic settings. In this study, four emotion recognition models (ERM) each based on specific feature sets (facial: OpenFace, OpenFace-Aureg; body: OpenPose-Activation, OpenPose-Energy) were developed and compared in their ability to predict arousal and valence scores correlated to PANAS emotion scores and processes of change (interpersonal experience, coping experience, affective experience) as well as symptoms (depression and anxiety in HSCL-11). Materials and methods A total of 183 patient therapy videos were divided into a training sample (55 patients), a test sample (50 patients), and a holdout sample (78 patients). The best ERM was selected for further analyses. Then, ERM based arousal and valence scores were correlated with patient and therapist estimates of emotions and processes of change. Furthermore, using regression models arousal and valence were examined as predictors of symptom severity in depression and anxiety. Results The ERM based on OpenFace produced the best agreement to the human coder rating. Arousal and valence correlated significantly with therapists’ ratings of sadness, shame, anxiety, and relaxation, but not with the patient ratings of their own emotions. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation indicates that negative valence was associated with higher affective experience. Negative valence was found to significantly predict higher anxiety but not depression scores. Conclusion This study shows that emotion recognition with NOVA can be used to generate ERMs associated with patient emotions, affective experiences and symptoms. Nevertheless, limitations were obvious. It seems necessary to improve the ERMs using larger databases of sessions and the validity of ERMs needs to be further investigated in different samples and different applications. Furthermore, future research should take ERMs to identify emotional synchrony between patient and therapists into account