72 research outputs found
Some Consequences of the Baryonic Dark Matter Population
Microlensed double-image quasars have sent a consistent message that the
baryonic dark matter consists of a population of free-roaming planet mass
objects, as summarized previously. These were previously predicted to have
formed at the time of recombination, 300,000 years after the Big Bang, whence
they collapsed on a Kelvin Helmholz time scale. Today they are glimpsed as the
cometary knots in planetary nebulae. But they probably also nucleate the
mysterious Lyman-alpha clouds and cause a reduction in the transparency of the
universe to distant quasars and supernovae.Comment: Report to the Edinburgh International Dark Matter 2004 Symposiu
Interpretation of the Stephan Quintet Galaxy Cluster using Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics: Viscosity and Fragmentation
Stephan's Quintet (SQ) is a compact group of galaxies that has been well
studied since its discovery in 1877 but is mysterious using cold dark matter
hierarchical clustering cosmology (CDMHCC). Anomalous red shifts among galaxies in SQ either reduce it to a
Trio with two highly improbable intruders from CDMHCC or support the Arp (1973)
hypothesis that its red shifts are intrinsic. An alternative is provided by the
Gibson 1996-2006 hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) theory where superclusters,
clusters and galaxies all originate by gravitational fragmentation in the
super-viscous plasma epoch and at planetary and star cluster mass scales in the
primordial gas of the expanding universe. By this fluid-mechanical cosmology,
the SQ galaxies gently separate and remain precisely along a line of sight
because of perspective and the small transverse velocities permitted by their
sticky viscous-gravitational beginnings. Star and gas bridges and
young-globular-star-cluster (YGC) trails observed by the Hubble Space Telescope
are triggered as SQ galaxies separate through viscous baryonic-dark-matter
halos of dark proto-globular-cluster (PGC) clumps of frozen Earth-mass
primordial-fog-particles (PFPs).Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, see http://sdcc3.ucsd.edu/~ir118 for more
informatio
Theory and observations of galactic dark matter
Sir James Jeans's (1902 and 1929) linear, acoustic, theory of gravitational
instability gives vast errors for the structure formation of the early
universe. Gibson's (1996) nonlinear theory shows that nonacoustic density
extrema produced by turbulence are gravitationally unstable at turbulent,
viscous, or diffusive Schwarz scales L_ST, L_SV, L_SD, independent of Jeans's
acoustic scale L_J. Structure formation began with decelerations of 10^46 kg
protosuperclusters in the hot plasma epoch, 13,000 years after the Big Bang,
when L_SV decreased to the Hubble (horizon) scale L_H equiv ct, where c is
light speed and t is time, giving 10^42 kg protogalaxies just before the cooled
plasma formed neutral H-He gas at 300,000 years. In 10^3 years this primordial
gas condensed to 10^23 - 10^25 kg L_SV - L_ST scale objects, termed
``primordial fog particles'' (PFPs). Schild (1996) suggested from continuous
microlensing of quasar Q0957 + 561 A,B that the mass of the 10^42 kg lens
galaxy is dominated by 10^23 - 10^25 kg ``rogue planets ... likely to be the
missing mass''. A microlensing event seen at three observatories confirms
Schild's (1996) claims, and supports Gibson's (1996) prediction that PFPs
comprise most of the dark matter at galactic scales.Comment: submitted to A&A, pdf file with figures, or see
http://www-acs.ucsd.edu/~ir11
Interpretation of the Tadpole VV29 Merging Galaxy System using Hydro-Gravitational Theory
Hubble Space Telescope (HST/ACS) images of the galaxy merger Tadpole are
interpreted using the hydro-gravitational theory of Gibson 1996-2000 (HGT) that
predicts galaxy masses within about 100 kpc are dominated by dark halos of
planetary mass primordial-fog-particles (PFPs) in dark
proto-globular-star-clusters (PGCs). According to our interpretation, stars and
young-globular-clusters (YGCs) appear out of the dark as merging galaxy
components VV29cdef move through the baryonic-dark-matter halo of the larger
galaxy VV29a creating luminous star-wakes. Frozen PFP planets are evaporated by
radiation and tidal forces of the intruders. Friction from the gas accelerates
an accretional cascade of PFPs to form larger planets, stars and YGCs of the
filamentary galaxy VV29b. Star-wakes show that galaxy VV29c, identified as a
blue dwarf by radio telescope observations of gas density and velocity (Briggs
et al. 2001), with companions VV29def entered the dark halo of the larger VV29a
galaxy at a radius 130 kpc and then spiraled in on different tracks toward
frictional capture by the VV29a core. A previously dark dwarf galaxy is
identified from a Keck spectrographic study showing a VV29c star-wake dense
cluster of YGCs aligned to 1 degree in a close straight row (Tran et al. 2003).Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, article for The Astronomical Journal revised
according to referee comment
Goodness in the Axis of Evil
An unexpected alignment of 2-4-8-16 cosmic microwave background spherical
harmonic directions with the direction of a surprisingly large WMAP temperature
minimum, a large radio galaxy void, and an unexpected alignment and handedness
of galaxy spins have been observed. The alignments point to RA=202 degrees,
delta = 25 degrees and are termed the ``Axis of Evil''. Already many authors
have commented about how the AE impacts our understanding of how structure
emerged in the Universe within the framework of Lamda-CDM, warm dark matter,
string theory, and hydro-gravitational dynamics (HGD). The latter uniquely
predicts the size scales of the voids and matter condensations, based upon
estimates of fluid forces in the early phases of structure formation. Reported
departures from simple Gaussian properties of the WMAP data favor two regimes
of turbulent structure formation, and from these we make predictions of the
nature of finer structure expected to be measured with the PLANCK spacecraft.
From HGD, friction has limited the expansion of superclusters to 30 Mpc but
supervoids have expanded with the universe to 300 Mpc.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure and 1 table, rejected by ApJ Letters not for
technical reasons, but because the manuscript is too qualitative and does not
rise to the level of ApJ. And the title is objectionabl
Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics of Planets and Dark Energy
Self-gravitational fluid mechanical methods termed
hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) predict plasma fragmentation 0.03 Myr after
the turbulent big bang to form protosuperclustervoids, turbulent
protosuperclusters, and protogalaxies at the 0.3 Myr transition from plasma to
gas. Linear protogalaxyclusters fragment at 0.003 Mpc viscous-inertial scales
along turbulent vortex lines or in spirals, as observed. The plasma
protogalaxies fragment on transition into white-hot planet-mass gas clouds
(PFPs) in million-solar-mass clumps (PGCs) that become globular-star-clusters
(GCs) from tidal forces or dark matter (PGCs) by freezing and diffusion into
0.3 Mpc halos with 97% of the galaxy mass. The weakly collisional non-baryonic
dark matter diffuses to > Mpc scales and frag-ments to form galaxy cluster
halos. Stars and larger planets form by binary mergers of the trillion PFPs per
PGC on 0.03 Mpc galaxy accretion disks. Star deaths depend on rates of planet
accretion and internal star mixing. Moderate accretion rates produce white
dwarfs that evaporate surrounding gas planets by spin-radiation to form
planetary nebulae before Supernova Ia events, dimming some events to give
systematic distance errors misinterpreted as the dark energy hypothesis and
overestimates of the universe age. Failures of standard LCDM cosmological
models reflect not only obsolete Jeans 1902 fluid mechanical assumptions, but
also failures of standard turbulence models that claim the cascade of turbulent
kinetic energy is from large scales to small. Because turbulence is always
driven at all scales by inertial-vortex forces the turbulence cascade is always
from small scales to large.Comment: 14 pages 9 figures, to be published in Journal of Applied Fluid
Mechanics 2009, 2(1), further information at http://sdcc3.ucsd.edu/~ir11
Clumps of hydrogenous planetoids as the dark matter of galaxies
Nonlinear gravitational condensation theory and quasar-microlensing
observations lead to the conclusion that the baryonic mass of most galaxies is
dominated by dense clumps of hydrogenous planetoids. Star microlensing
collaborations fail to detect planetoids as the dominant dark matter component
of the Galaxy halo by an unjustified uniform-number-density assumption that
underestimates the average value. From (Jeans's 1902) linear gravitational
condensation theory, and from nonlinear theory for different reasons,
proto-globular-cluster (PGC) mass gas blobs should form soon after the plasma
epoch ends and neutral gas appears, about 300,000 years after the Big Bang.
Such PGC blobs should then fragment into planetary-mass objects at viscous and
turbulent Schwarz scales of the weakly turbulent primordial gas, from Gibson's
1996 nonlinear theory. Schild's 1996 interpretation, from measured twinkling
frequencies of the lensed quasar Q0957+561 A,B (after subtraction of the phased
images), was that the mass of the lens galaxy is dominated by "rogue planets
>... likely to be the missing mass". Schild's findings of a 1.1 year image time
delay, with dominant planetoid image-twinkling-period, are confirmed herein by
three observatories.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, re-submitted to Ap
Is Dark Energy Falsifiable?
Is the accelerating expansion of the Universe true, inferred through
observations of distant supernovae, and is the implied existence of an enormous
amount of anti-gravitational dark energy material driving the accelerating
expansion of the universe also true? To be physically useful these propositions
must be falsifiable; that is, subject to observational tests that could render
them false, and both fail when viscous, diffusive, astro-biological and
turbulence effects are included in the interpretation of observations. A more
plausible explanation of negative stresses producing the big bang is turbulence
at Planck temperatures. Inflation results from gluon viscous stresses at the
strong force transition. Anti-gravitational (dark energy) turbulence stresses
are powerful but only temporary. No permanent dark energy is needed. At the
plasma-gas transition, viscous stresses cause fragmentation of plasma
proto-galaxies into dark matter clumps of primordial gas planets, each of which
falsifies dark-energy cold-dark-matter cosmologies. Clumps of these planets
form all stars, and explain the alleged accelerating expansion of the universe
as a systematic dimming error of Supernovae Ia by light scattered in the hot
turbulent atmospheres of evaporated planets surrounding central white dwarf
stars.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, for Volume 7 of the Journal of Cosmolog
Black Hole or MECO? Decided by a Thin Luminous Ring Structure Deep Within Quasar Q0957
Optical, Infrared, X-ray, and radio wavelength studies of quasars are
beginning to define the luminous quasar structure from techniques of
reverberation and microlensing. An important result is that the inner quasar
structure of the first identified gravitational lens, Q0957+561 A,B seems not
to show the kind of structure expected for a supermassive black hole, but
instead show a clean-swept interior region as due to the action of a magnetic
propeller, just as expected for a MECO (Magnetic Eternally Collapsing Object)
structure. Given the present state of the observations, the strongest model
discriminant seems to be the existence of a thin luminous band around the inner
edge of the accretion disc, at a distant radius ~ 70 R_g from the ~ 4 x 10^9 Mo
central object. Since the existence of a clean magnetic propeller swept inner
region ~70 R_g surrounded by a sharp ~ 1 R_g disc edge are the low-hard state
spectral properties associated with a highly redshifted central MECO object, we
are led to the conclusion that these observations imply that the Q0957 quasar
contains a central supermassive MECO instead of a black hole. In this report we
review the details of the observations which have compelled us to reach this
conclusion.Comment: 23 Pages, 7 Figures, submitted to P.A.S.
Discovery of Universal Elliptical Outflow Structures in Radio-Quiet Quasars
Fifty-nine quasars in the background of the Magellanic Clouds had brightness
records monitored by the MACHO project during the years 1992 - 99. Because the
circumpolar fields of these quasars had no seasonal sampling defects, their
observation produced data sets well suited to further careful analysis.
Following a preliminary report wherein we showed the existence of reverberation
in the data for one of the radio-quiet quasars in this group, we now show that
similar reverberations have been seen in all of the 55 radio-quiet quasars with
adequate data, making possible the determination of the quasar inclination to
the observer's line of sight. The reverberation signatures indicate the
presence of large-scale elliptical outflow structures similar to that predicted
by the Elvis (2000) and "dusty torus" models of quasars, whose characteristic
sizes vary within a surprisingly narrow range of scales. More importantly the
observed opening angle relative to the polar axis of the universal elliptical
outflow structure present was consistently found to be on the order of 78
degrees.Comment: 10 Pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Submitted to MNRA
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