19 research outputs found
Center frequency shift and reduction of feedback in directly modulated external cavity lasers
Europe's rare earth element resource potential: an overview of REE metallogenetic provinces and their geodynamic setting
Security of supply of a number of raw materials is of concern for the European Union; foremost among these are the rare earth elements (REE), which are used in a range of modern technologies. A number of research projects, including the EURARE and ASTER projects, have been funded in Europe to investigate various steps along the REE supply chain. This paper addresses the initial part of that supply chain, namely the potential geological resources of the REE in Europe. Although the REE are not currently mined in Europe, potential resources are known to be widespread, and many are being explored. The most important European resources are associated with alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites, although REE deposits are also known from a range of other settings. Within Europe, a number of REE metallogenetic belts can be identified on the basis of age, tectonic setting, lithological association and known REE enrichments. This paper reviews those metallogenetic belts and sets them in their geodynamic context. The most well-known of the REE belts are of Precambrian to Palaeozoic age and occur in Greenland and the Fennoscandian Shield. Of particular importance for their REE potential are the Gardar Province of SW Greenland, the Svecofennian Belt and subsequent Mesoproterozoic rifts in Sweden, and the carbonatites of the Central Iapetus Magmatic Province. However, several zones with significant potential for REE deposits are also identified in central, southern and eastern Europe, including examples in the Bohemian Massif, the Iberian Massif, and the Carpathians
The epidemiology of infectious gastroenteritis related reactive arthritis in U.S. military personnel: a case-control study
Childhood hospitalisation with infections and later development of ankylosing spondylitis: a national case-control study
A comparison of self-reported joint symptoms following infection with different enteric pathogens: effect of HLA-B27
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The relationship between exsolution and magnetic properties in hemo-ilmenite: Insights from Mössbauer spectroscopy with implications for planetary magnetic anomalies
Remanence properties of ilmenites with exsolved hematite have recently been the object of much study, because their high natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is greater than predicted for these two minerals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy in conjunction with electron microprobe and NRM measurements were used to explore the possibility that single domain (SD) hematite lamellae in the ilmenite host could explain the observed remanence, and to determine if magnetite is present. XRD results show the presence of ilmenite and hematite. Mössbauer data show that only species assigned to hematite, ilmenite, and a small amount of tetrahedral Fe3+ are present. Magnetic properties at high and low T also indicate that the only magnetic minerals are ilmenite and hematite. Magnetic data suggest that ultra-fine hematite lamellae are magnetically ordered, and their resultant remanent magnetic anomalies may contribute significantly to magnetism on terrestrial planets, even those without present-day magnetic fields
MINDeSEA Seabed Mineral Deposits in European Seas: Metallogeny and Geological Potential for Strategic and Critical Raw Materials
The current report provides a review of European marine exhalative deposits based on their metallogenic setting. Settings include mid ocean ridge spreading sites, sites related to intra-plate hotspots, and arc/back-arc spreading sites