The Crawford Path in the News: White Mountain History and the Communications Revolutions

By 1820, at least 50 newspapers were being published in New Hampshire, and that number doubled within a few decades. The communications revolution and the rapid expansion of newspapers in the White Mountains of New Hampshire has been an underused resource for historians. The 21st-century digital revolution has made those paper accessible, and they tell the story of the oldest continually maintained footpath in America, the Crawford Path

Under the Influence: A Sectarian Railway Worker, the Bolsheviks, and the 1905 Russian Revolution

Of Moldovan-Ukrainian heritage, Hariton Czebanov (1886-1962) was administratively exiled with his family to Transcaucasia in 1892 as a religious dissenter (Stundist). Barred from an education, he went to work on the Transcaucasian Railway and joined the Bolshevik Party in protest of his discriminatory treatment. After the 1905 revolution, the party demanded increasingly criminal activity from him; Czebanov took part in robberies and terror attacks (“expropriation”) to fund the party intelligentsia in exile. He was jailed by the tsarist police several times. In 1907, out on bail and facing a sentence of “katorga” (penal servitude), Czebanov could no longer support the “muddy wave” of violence sweeping over the party. He stowed away on a steamer in Poti on the Black Sea and, three months later, arrived at Ellis Island. Once admitted to the U.S., Czebanov wrote a series of three letters detailing his dramatic passage to freedom. The article includes a translation of these detailed letters

Images of Women in Medieval Literature: A Selected Bibliography

This bibliography focuses on images of women in medieval literature rather than on medieval women writers for several reasons. First, the study of literary images of women can provide a real sense of the climate in which the individual medieval female artist might have lived, a necessary first step in evaluating her contributions. Second, the problem of identifying the authorship of anonymous medieval literary works is a large one. It is becoming apparent, however, that there were probably more good medieval women writers than those few we currently identify—Marie of France, Eleanor of Aquitane, Margery Kempe, Christine de Pisan, the Pastons