20 research outputs found
Postoperative troponin increases after noncardiac surgery are associated with raised neurofilament light: a prospective observational cohort study
Background:
Myocardial and neuronal injury occur commonly after noncardiac surgery. We examined whether patients who had perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) also incurred neuronal injury, and whether myocardial and neuronal injury were associated with similar changes in inflammatory markers or overlapping clinical predictors. /
Methods:
A total of 114 individuals >65 yr old were recruited from two ongoing perioperative cohort studies (NCT02926417; NCT03124303). Plasma samples were collected before and daily after surgery to process assays for troponin I (PMI), neurofilament light (NfL; neuronal injury) and multiplexed plasma cytokines (inflammation). The primary outcome was the change in NfL in individuals with PMI (>40 pg mlâ1 increase in troponin above preoperative values). We conducted logistic regression to identify if there were shared clinical predictors for myocardial and neuronal injury. /
Results:
Ninety-six patients had paired NfL and troponin data. Twenty-three of 94 subjects (24%) with PMI had greater increases in NfL (median [inter-quartile range, IQR]: 29 pg mlâ1 [3â95 pg mlâ1]; 2.8-fold increase) compared with subjects with no troponin increase (8 pg mlâ1 [3â20]; 1.3-fold increase; P=0.008). PMI was associated with increased interleukin (IL)-1ra (P=0.005), IL-2 (P=0.045), IL-8 (P=0.002), and IL-10 (P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that intraoperative hypotension was associated with PMI (P=0.043). Preoperative stroke (P=0.041) and blood loss (P=0.002), but not intraoperative hypotension, were associated with increased NfL. /
Conclusions:
Postoperative troponin increases were associated with changes in NfL and inflammatory cytokines. Increases in troponin, but not NfL, were associated with intraoperative hypotension, suggesting differences in the mechanisms contributing to neuronal and myocardial injury
Quantitating the Balance between Enthalpic and Entropic Forces in Alkanethiol/Gold Monolayer Self Assembly
The evolution of food sharing in primates
The aim of this study is to explain the occurrence
of food sharing across primates. Defined as the unresisted
transfer of food, evolutionary hypotheses have to explain
why possessors should relinquish food rather than keep it.
While sharing with offspring can be explained by kin
selection, explanations for sharing among unrelated adults
are more controversial. Here we test the hypothesis that
sharing occurs with social partners that have leverage over
food possessors due to the opportunity for partner choice in
other contexts. Thus, we predict that possessors should
relinquish food to potential mates or allies, who could
provide or withhold matings or coalitionary support in the
future. We used phylogenetic analyses based on both
maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches in a sample
of 68 primate species to test these predictions. The analyses
strongly indicate that (1) sharing with offspring is predicted
by the relative processing difficulty of the diet, as measured by the degree of extractive foraging, but not overall diet
quality, (2) food sharing among adults only evolved in
species already sharing with offspring, regardless of diet,
and (3) maleâfemale sharing co-evolved with the opportunity
for female mate choice and sharing within the sexes
with coalition formation. These results provide comparative
support for the hypothesis that sharing is âtradedâ for
matings and coalitionary support in the sense that these
services are statistically associated and can thus be selected
for. Based on this, we predict that sharing should occur in
any species with opportunities for partner choice