Grundlagen der Psychologie

Professionelles Handeln in der Sozialen Arbeit verlangt fundierte Kenntnisse der Psychologie für die Analyse von Problemlagen und kontrolliertes methodisches Handeln. Das Lehrbuch führt systematisch in die Allgemeine Psychologie ein. Modellvorstellungen zu kognitiven, behavioralen und emotional-motivationalen Funktionsbereichen werden dargestellt. Großer Wert wird auf die praktische Anwendung gelegt. Beobachtung, Intervention, Rollenspiel, Emotionsbewältigung, Rückfallprävention sowie Mitarbeitermotivation dienen dabei als Beispiele

Grundlagen der Psychologie

Professionelles Handeln in der Sozialen Arbeit verlangt fundierte Kenntnisse der Psychologie für die Analyse von Problemlagen und kontrolliertes methodisches Handeln. Das Lehrbuch führt systematisch in die Allgemeine Psychologie ein. Modellvorstellungen zu kognitiven, behavioralen und emotional-motivationalen Funktionsbereichen werden dargestellt. Großer Wert wird auf die praktische Anwendung gelegt. Beobachtung, Intervention, Rollenspiel, Emotionsbewältigung, Rückfallprävention sowie Mitarbeitermotivation dienen dabei als Beispiele

Diagnostic accuracy of spirometry in primary care.

Contains fulltext : 80404.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of spirometry for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in patients suspected of suffering from an obstructive airway disease (OAD) in primary care. METHODS: Cross sectional diagnostic study of 219 adult patients attending 10 general practices for the first time with complaints suspicious for OAD. All patients underwent spirometry and structured medical histories were documented. All patients received whole-body plethysmography (WBP) in a lung function laboratory. The reference standard was the Tiffeneau ratio (FEV1/VC) received by the spirometric maneuver during examination with WBP. In the event of inconclusive results, bronchial provocation was performed to determine bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Asthma was defined as a PC20 fall after inhaling methacholine concentration < or = 16 mg/ml. RESULTS: 90 (41.1%) patients suffered from asthma, 50 (22.8%) suffered from COPD, 79 (36.1%) had no OAD. The sensitivity for diagnosing airway obstruction in COPD was 92% (95%CI 80-97); specificity was 84% (95%CI 77-89). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 63% (95%CI 51-73); negative predictive value (NPV) was 97% (95%CI 93-99). The sensitivity for diagnosing airway obstruction in asthma was 29% (95%CI 21-39); specificity was 90% (95%CI 81-95). PPV was 77% (95%CI 60-88); NPV was 53% (95%CI 45-61). CONCLUSION: COPD can be estimated with high diagnostic accuracy using spirometry. It is also possible to rule in asthma with spirometry. However, asthma can not be ruled out only using spirometry. This diagnostic uncertainty leads to an overestimation of asthma presence. Patients with inconclusive spirometric results should be referred for nitric oxide (NO) - measurement and/or bronchial provocation if possible to guarantee accurate diagnosis

An approach to cystic kidney diseases: the clinician's view

Advances in molecular genetics have led to the identification of more than 70 different genes involved in the development of cystic kidney diseases. Most of these diseases are rare, and interpreting the resultant plethora of disease-causing mutations requires a methodical and meticulous approach to differential diagnosis. In this Review we discuss a clinical approach to the diagnosis of cystic kidney diseases in adults, for use by nephrologists. This approach is based upon a thorough clinical evaluation, which considers both kidney phenotype and extrarenal manifestations of the underlying disorder, in combination with genetic testing in selected patients. In our view, cystic kidney disease can (in the majority of patients) be reliably classified on the basis of clinical findings. We therefore propose that defining clinical situations to precipitate the initiation of genetic testing is mandatory and cost-effective. New techniques such as next-generation sequencing will facilitate the diagnosis of cystic kidney diseases in the future, increasing diagnostic safety in a subset of patients. In renal tumour syndromes, genetic testing is warranted