Observation and Numerical Simulation of Melt Pool Dynamic and Beam Powder Interaction During Selective Electron Beam Melting

Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is an additive manufacturing method used to produce complex parts in a layer-by-layer process utilizing Ti6Al4V powder. To improve the very good properties of built parts even more and to use the full capacity of the process, the fundamental understanding of the beam powder interaction is of essential relevance. Numerical simulations and observation with a high speed camera of powder melting show the strong melt pool dynamic and its lateral extent clearly. Furthermore, the immediate effect of beam parameters, e.g. beam current and velocity, on the melting behavior of the powder can be resolved in time steps of a few milliseconds.Mechanical Engineerin

Macroscopic simulation and experimental measurement of melt pool characteristics in selective electron beam melting of Ti-6Al-4V

Selective electron beam melting of Ti-6Al-4V is a promising additive manufacturing process to produce complex parts layer-by-layer additively. The quality and dimensional accuracy of the produced parts depend on various process parameters and their interactions. In the present contribution, the lifetime, width and depth of the pools of molten powder material are analyzed for different beam powers, scan speeds and line energies in experiments and simulations. In the experiments, thin-walled structures are built with an ARCAM AB A2 selective electron beam melting machine and for the simulations a thermal finite element simulation tool is used, which is developed by the authors to simulate the temperature distribution in the selective electron beam melting process. The experimental and numerical results are compared and a good agreement is observed. The lifetime of the melt pool increases linearly with the line energy, whereby the melt pool dimensions show a nonlinear relation with the line energy

High temperature oxidation and embrittlement at 500–600 °C of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by Laser and Electron Beam Melting

The oxidation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloys fabricated by LBM and EBM, HIP-treated or not, are similar to that of a rolled annealed Ti-6Al-4V alloy, as regards oxide layer and oxygen diffusion layer thickness. Kinetics of oxygen ingress in the metal is independent of the alloy microstructure. At room temperature, the thickness of the brittle layer after a tensile test corresponds to the oxygen diffusion layer, with an oxygen concentration above a critical value that is clearly below 1 at %

Basic research in selective electron beam smelting of TiAl6V4

Die „Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum selektiven Elektronenstrahlschmelzen von TiAl6V4“ thematisieren den Einfluss der Prozess-, Geometrie- und Scanparameter bei der additiven Fertigung mittels Elektronenstrahl. Die Prozessparameter werden dabei systematisch variiert, um den Energieeintrag, abhängig von der Geometrie und Scanstrategie zu untersuchen. Für die Auswertung werden die Bauteildichte, die Legierungszusammensetzung, die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Proben bestimmt. Dabei kommt neben der metallographischen Untersuchung, die Prozessbeobachtung mit einer Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera zur Beobachtung des Schmelz¬vorganges zum Einsatz. Numerische Simulationen unterstützen die Auswertung der Interpretation und geben Aufschluss über die extrem schnellen Schmelz- und Erstarrungsprozesse. Das gewonnene Prozessverständnis dient der Entwicklung von Prozessfenstern für die zuverlässige Herstellung von Bauteilen. Darüber hinaus werden Scanstrategien zur Einstellung der Bauteileigenschaften aufgezeigt."Investigations on selective electron beam melting of Ti6Al4V" deals with the influence of process, geometry and scanning parameters during additive manufacturing using an electron beam. The process parameters are systematically varied to investigate the influence of the energy input during the melting process considering the part´s geometry and the scanning strategy. Therefore, the sample´s density, alloy composition, microstructure and mechanical properties are analyzed. Additional to classical metallographic investigations, process observation with a high speed camera is used to observe the melting process. Numerical simulations support the experimental evaluations and interpretations and provide insight into the extreme occurring melting and solidification process. The gain in process understanding is used to develop process maps showing parameter fields for the reliable production of parts. Moreover, scanning strategies expanding the process potentials are shown

Tabellen zur Gewichtsberechnung von Walzeisen und Eisenconstructionen : hauptsächlich verwendbar im Brückenbau, Schiffbau und Hüttenfache

hrsg. von C. Scharowsky u. L. Seifer

Tabellen zur Gewichtsberechnung von Walzeisen und Eisenconstructionen : hauptsächlich verwendbar im Brückenbau, Schiffbau und Hüttenfache

ber. von C. Scharowsky u. L. Seifer

Tabellen zur Gewichtsberechnung von Walzeisen und Eisenconstructionen : hauptsächlich verwendbar im Brückenbau, Schiffbau und Hüttenfache

hrsg. von C. Scharowsky u. L. Seifer