Slaying Blunderboer: Cross-Dressed Heroes, National Identities, and Wartime Pantomime

The late Victorian pantomime role of principal boy can be and sometimes was seen as existing outside established gender categories, even as actresses performed in exaggerated fashion some of the markers of both femininity and masculinity. Whether defeating villains, introducing a parade of national types, or leading the audience in song, the cross-dressed principal boy also served as a focal point for fantasies of Englishness. I focus on an 1899 Drury Lane pantomime production of Jack and the Beanstalk, specifically the ways that contemporaneous anxieties about the Second Boer War resonate in the panto’s trademark forms of spectacle and burlesque. Drawing on the panto script and accounts of the production, I argue that the principal boy’s ambiguous relation to gender categories positioned her as an apt embodiment of the ambitions, desires, and anxieties of empire at the fin de siècle

Fairy Gold: The Economics and Erotics of Fairy-Tale Pantomime

For nearly two centuries the English theatrical tradition of Christmas pantomime has served as a significant medium for the transmission of fairy tales. Highly profitable and erotically charged, pantomime complicates received histories of the genre. By the late nineteenth century a select number of tales had emerged as panto standards-the vast majority of which originated in French print traditions. In a print domain increasingly dominated by field-based collections and a new breed of literary tale, pantomimes maintained cultural centrality while simultaneously providing a vocabulary with which Victorian commentators would criticize French literary fairy tales

Identificação e determinação do teor dos ácidos Eicosapentaenóico (epa) e docosahexaenóico (dha) Em óleo de peixe por cromatografia gasosa

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Curso de Química.O óleo de peixe é rico em ácidos graxos que possuem atividades fisiológicas e biológicas. Atualmente esses ácidos têm sido usado na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares, doenças da pele, além de ajudar efetivamente na formação de tecidos do cérebro. Objetivando a identificação e quantificação dos ácidos eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e docosahexaenóico (DHA) no óleo de peixe; o presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de extração e derivatização para o óleo dos peixes galo (Selene vomer) e sardinha (Opisthonema oglinum), utilizados como amostras. As análises foram realizadas por cromatografia gasosa em coluna capilar DB-1 (apolar). Os resultados obtidos permitiram testar a eficiência dos métodos utilizados e observar uma possível tendência para o peixegalo em apresentar um percentual maior de EPA em relação ao ácido DHA presente no óleo desse peixe

The Kinetic Family Drawings As An Indicator Of Marital Instability And Family Stress

Problem. Because of the implementation of public laws regarding the right of all handicapped children to a free and appropriate public education, school psychologists have experienced an increasing demand to provide accurate and timely psychoeducational assessment. In particular there is increased focus on the diagnosis of emotional disturbance and the need for the development and/or validation of instruments which can reliably measure this handicapping condition. It is also extremely advantageous to be able to determine whether the emotional disturbance is chronic or transitory so that appropriate educational programming can be developed. This study investigated one aspect of the Kinetic Family Drawing, an instrument which purports to measure through actions, styles and symbols in children\u27s drawings, the prevailing emotional climate of the child rendering the drawing; One style in particular was examined. The authors of the Kinetic Family Drawing contend that lining at the bottom of the paper is often associated with stress within the child\u27s family and also appears frequently in children\u27s drawings where parents are in the process of divorce; Procedures. The parents of third, fourth, fifth and sixth grade children in a suburban elementary school were asked for permission to have their children render a Kinetic Family Drawing. They were also asked to participate in the study if required. A total of 46 drawings was obtained. The drawings were grouped by the presence or absence of the drawing style being examined. Grouping was accomplished by the independent evaluation of three school psychologists who regularly use the instrument in their practice. Two groups of nine couples each were identified and were administered the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test; The Locke-Wallace scores were analyzed using Analysis of Variance. The analysis was made between husbands, wives, and couples in the two groups; Findings. The Analysis of Variance showed no significance at the .05 level, indicating that, based on this criterion, lining at the bottom of the paper does not indicate family maladjustment. However, the mean scores for husbands, wives and combined couples were, in each case, lower in the group whose children exhibited the drawing style being studied; Conclusions. This study did not find a significantly greater degree of marital maladjustment in the group of parents whose children line the bottom of the paper in their Kinetic Family drawings. The stress which these children may be revealing symbolically could come from many other intra family dynamics

Understanding the Impact of Sustainability and CSR Information in D2C Online Shops on Consumer Attitudes and Behavior – A Literature Review

Many brands nowadays use direct-to-consumer channels such as proprietary online shops, in order to provide information related to their sustainability and CSR initiatives and to increase consumers’ perceptions of legitimacy of the company and its products. However, so far little is known about the effects of such information on consumer attitudes and behavior. This implies that the true benefit of S/CSR initiatives is currently not well understood by most companies and resource allocation in this area may be distorted. Therefore, in this literature review we consolidate and map existing research that can inform our understanding of this phenomenon. By analyzing a sample of 46 papers we find that research on the topic in a direct-to-consumer context is sparse, but that theories and empirical evidence from related contexts can help us grasp the issue to some extent

Statistical mechanics of a time-homogeneous system of money and antimoney

Financial crises appear throughout human history. While there are many schools of thought on what the actual causes of such crises are, it has been suggested that the creation of credit money might be a source of financial instability. We discuss how the credit mechanism in a system of fractional reserve banking leads to non-local transfers of purchasing power that also affect non-involved agents. To overcome this issue, we impose the local symmetry of time homogeneity on the monetary system. A bi-currency system of non-bank assets (money) and bank assets (antimoney) is considered. A payment is either made by passing on money or by receiving antimoney. As a result, a free floating exchange rate between non-bank assets and bank assets is established. Credit creation is replaced by the simultaneous transfer of money and antimoney at a negotiated exchange rate. This is in contrast to traditional discussions of full reserve banking, which stalls creditary lending. With money and antimoney, the problem of credit crunches is mitigated while a full time symmetry of the monetary system is maintained. As a test environment for such a monetary system, we discuss an economy of random transfers. Random transfers are a strong criterion to probe the stability of monetary systems. The analysis using statistical physics provides analytical solutions and confirms that a money-antimoney system could be functional. Equally important to the probing of the stability of such a monetary system is the question of how to implement the credit default dynamics. This issue remains open

Defining the Transcriptional and Epigenetic Signature of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells with Compromised Developmental Potency

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells have played a crucial role in studying developmental processes and gene function in vivo. They are extremely useful in the generation of transgenic animals as they can be genetically manipulated and subsequently microinjected into blastocyst stage embryos, where they combine with the inner cell mass and contribute to the developing embryo. Some of the resulting pups are chimaeric, consisting of a mixture of cells derived from the host blastocyst and the injected ES cells. We have identified several ES cell clones arising from gene targeting experiments with an impaired capacity to generate viable chimaeras. When injected into blastocysts, these clones cause embryonic death during mid to late gestation, suggesting that the cells are able to contribute to the embryo but interfere with normal embryonic development. The aim of this work was to identify the underlying changes in the transcriptome, epigenome or cell surface markers that have occurred in these compromised ES cells and to further define the developmental phenotype of the chimaeric embryos. Different stages during development were analysed and whereas there was little difference in embryonic death at gestational day e13.5, there was a significant decrease in embryos surviving to gestational day e17.5. Additionally, severe haemorrhaging was observed in all the dead embryos and small foci of haemorrhaging could also be seen in a number of embryos that were still alive. This was also observed at e13.5, albeit to a less severe extent. Using RNA sequencing to discover differences in the transcriptome between control ES cells and the compromised ES cells, five genes were identified that were downregulated in the compromised cells. Four of these, Gtl2, Rtl1as, Rian and Mirg are all located in the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 region on chromosome 12 and are normally expressed from the maternal genome. This pattern was also validated in tissues from e17.5 chimaeric embryos. The expression of this locus is to a large extent regulated by a differentially methylated region located approximately 13kb upstream of the Gtl2 promoter, the IG-DMR. Whereas this is usually only methylated on the paternal copy, in the compromised ES cells both the paternal and the maternal copy were fully methylated, likely causing the silencing of Gtl2, Rtl1as, Rian and Mirg. Using the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine, expression of Gtl2 could be rescued. Injection of those 5-azacytidine treated cells into blastocysts did partially rescue the embryonic lethal phenotype. Additionally, cell surface markers were analysed in a phenotypic screen using phage display. NGS analysis of the phage outputs indicates that there may be additional differences in cell surface markers between the control and compromised ES cell clones, but their specific details remain to be identified. Overall, we have identified the maternally expressed genes of the Dlk1-Dio3 region as markers that can distinguish between ES cells with normal or compromised developmental potency and propose to include these genes in the pre-blastocyst injection screening routine for experiments involving the production of chimaeras or genetically modified mouse strains.BBSRC Case Studentship Medimmun

Estudo de viabilidade da extração e microextração em fase sólida na avaliação de compostos orgânicos voláteis microbianos associados ao processo de produção de pigmentos por fungo filamentoso (Monascus)

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Florianópolis, 2016.Pode-se produzir corantes naturais a partir de um processo fermentativo realizado por fungos com baixo custo ambiental, com grande eficiência e sem a necessidade de instrumentação de grande porte para o beneficiamento da matéria-prima. Fungos do gênero Monascus podem produzir pigmentos amarelo, laranja e vermelho, entre outros metabólitos provenientes da fermentação de determinados substratos. Estudar o processo fermentativo e os compostos secundários gerados é relevante para a compreensão das reações envolvidas e da significância dos resultados finais do processo. Durante o processo fermentativo industrial são produzidos gases de exaustão, contendo Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis (abreviação em inglês - VOC) que são oriundos de vários processos bioquímicos e químicos, entre os composto de maior interesse podem ser encontrados os Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis Microbianos (abreviação em inglês - MVOC). Os MVOC estão presentes em vários processos de produção em biotecnologia. Nesse estudo é avaliada a utilização de dois métodos envolvendo SPME e SPE (in vivo), na extração de MVOC, associados com o processo de produção de pigmento, pelo fungo do gênero Monascus. Foram testadas duas espécies do fungo Monascus (Monascus ruber e Monascus sp.). O fungo Monascus ruber foi utilizado para produzir pigmento vermelho a partir da fermentação em biorreator, utilizando-se como meio de cultura submerso uma mistura de 20 g L-1 de pó de arroz, 7 g L-1 de glicina, 2 g L-1 de glucose e água destilada. Os valores de biomassa e pigmento vermelho encontrados para uma fermentação de dez dias foram de 4,03 ± 0,21 g L-1 e 3,96 ± 0,17 (UA480), mostrando que o desempenho da fermentação é comparável com o que já foi descrito por outros autores, estudando a mesma espécie de fungo Monascus. Foram encontrados dezessete compostos associados com a presença do fungo, sendo os principais o etanol, 2-metil-propanol, 3-metil-butanol, 2-metil-butanol e 2-fenil-etanol. Tais compostos foram estudados através de modelos empíricos, onde foram encontrados os valores máximos de 313,87 mg L- 1 para o etanol, 5,51 mg L-1 para o 2-metil-propanol, 2,37 mg L-1 para o 3-metil-butanol, 0,95 mg L-1 para o 2-metil-butanol e 0,70 mg L-1 para o 2-fenil-etanol. Esses valores foram obtidos com a extração (SPME), em espaço confinado (ou headspace), do caldo fermentativo após 102?120 horas de fermentação. Estudos online dos MVOC também foram avaliados por coleta dos gases de exaustão com cartuchos de Xad-2 (SPE), onde foram encontrados os valores máximos de 55,67 µg L-1 para o etanol, 1,28 µg L-1 para o 2-metil-propanol, 0,18 µg L-1 para 3-metil-butanol, 0,10 µg L-1 para o 2-metil-butanol, quando são coletados 28,03 ± 0,04 L, em média, dos gases contendo os produtos da respiração celular e os MVOC identificados nesse trabalho.Abstract : Natural dyes can be produced from a fermentative process performed by fungi with low environmental cost with high efficiency and without large need for instrumentation to process raw material. The Monascus genus of fungi can produce yellow, orange and red pigments, and other metabolites from fermentation of certain substrates. Studying fermentation process and generated secondary compounds is relevant to understand reactions involved and the significance of the final results of this process. During industrial fermentation process, exhaust gases are produced, containing volatile organic compounds (VOC) derived from various biochemical and chemical processes; among most compounds of interest, it can be found microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC). The MVOC are present in many biotechnology production processes. This study evaluates the use of two methods involving SPME and SPE (in vivo), for extraction of MVOC associated with pigment production process, by Monascus genus of fungus. Two species of Monascus fungus were tested (Monascus ruber and Monascus sp.). Monascus ruber fungus was used for producing red pigment from fermentation in bioreactor, using as submerged means of culture a mixture of 20 g L-1 powder, 7 g L-1 glycine, 2 g L-1 glucose and distilled water. The values of biomass and red pigment found for fermentation for ten days were 4.03 ± 0.21 g L-1 and 3.96 ± 0.17 (UA480), showing that the performance of the fermenting is comparable to that which has been described by other authors who studied the same species of Monascus fungus. Seventeen compounds were found associated with the presence of the fungus, the main being ethanol, 2-methyl-propanol, 3- methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol and 2-phenylethanol. Such compounds have been studied by empirical models, which have found maximum values of 313.87 mg L-1 for ethanol, 5.51 mg L-1 for 2-methyl-propanol, 2.37 mg L-1 for 3-methyl-butanol, 0.95 mg L-1 to 2-methylbutanol and 0.70 mg L-1 for 2-phenyl-ethanol. These values were obtained from the extraction (SPME) in confined space (or headspace) of the fermentation broth after 102-120 hours of fermentation. Online studies of MVOC were also evaluated by collecting the exhaustion gases with XAD-2 cartridges (SPE), where were found the maximum values of 55.67 µg L- 1 for ethanol, 1.28 µg L-1 to 2-methyl-propanol, 0.18 µg L-1 to 3- methylbutanol, 0.10 µg L-1 to 2-methylbutanol, when collected 28.03 ± 0.04 L, on average, of the gases containing the cellular respiration products and MVOC identified in this work

Avaliação do perfil dos ácidos graxos da série ômega 3 em mexilhões da espécie Perna-perna (L.) por cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química.Atualmente, muito tem se falado sobre os benefícios causados pela ingestão de lipídios contendo ácidos da família ômega-3, não apenas no que diz respeito à prevenção de doenças, mas também no sentido de manutenção das funções corpóreas. Com o objetivo de estudar a composição lipídica dos ácidos graxos em óleo de organismos marinhos, nesse trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia para preparar, identificar e determinar o percentual dos ácidos graxos presentes no óleo de mexilhões da espécie perna perna, coletados em diferentes períodos do ano, com o uso da cromatografia gasosa e a espectrometria de massas como técnicas analíticas. Foi dada ênfase na determinação dos ácidos graxos da família ômega-3 por causa de suas ações comprovadas no metabolismo humano. Os resultados obtidos permitiram criar um perfil para os ácidos ômega-3 e discutir algumas possíveis relações entre os percentuais desses ácidos e as variações de temperatura da água do mar, durante as coletas. Revelou-se com os resultados, que o perfil dos ácidos graxos dos mexilhões da espécie perna perna apresenta os ácidos: 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 16:1 (n 6), 17:0, 18:0, 18:1 (n 9), 18:1 (n 7), 18:2 (n 6), 18:3 (n 3), 20:1 (n 9), 20:5 (n 3) e 22:6 (n 3). Foi encontrado uma quantidade significativa de ácidos ômega-3 (em torno de 29 à 42%), embora ocorra uma grande quantidade de alguns ácidos saturados