“A very orderly retreat”: Democratic transition in East Germany, 1989-90

East Germany's 1989-90 democratisation is among the best known of East European transitions, but does not lend itself to comparative analysis, due to the singular way in which political reform and democratic consolidation were subsumed by Germany's unification process. Yet aspects of East Germany's democratisation have proved amenable to comparative approaches. This article reviews the comparative literature that refers to East Germany, and finds a schism between those who designate East Germany's transition “regime collapse” and others who contend that it exemplifies “transition through extrication”. It inquires into the merits of each position and finds in favour of the latter. Drawing on primary and secondary literature, as well as archival and interview sources, it portrays a communist elite that was, to a large extent, prepared to adapt to changing circumstances and capable of learning from “reference states” such as Poland. Although East Germany was the Soviet state in which the positions of existing elites were most threatened by democratic transition, here too a surprising number succeeded in maintaining their position while filing across the bridge to market society. A concluding section outlines the alchemy through which their bureaucratic power was transmuted into property and influence in the “new Germany”

Parazytozy przewodu pokarmowego u pacjentow Kliniki Gastroenterologii Akademii Medycznej i Oddzialu Klinicznego Instytutu Medycyny Wsi w Lublinie w latach 1981-1990

Gastroenteric parasites were found in 118 patients, which made up 1,1 % of the total number of patients. This number included 62 men and 50 women aged 17-74, 41 on average. The most frequent parasite was Giardia intestinalis. It was found in 82 patients, which constituted 0,78% of the total number of patients and 69,5% of patients infected by parasites. Trichuris trichiura was diagnosed in 16 patients, which made up 0,150% of the total number of patients and 13,4% of the cases of parasitoses. Ascariosis and oxyuriosis were observed in 8 and 7 patients, respectively. The most rarely found parasites were Taeniarhynchus saginatus (3 patients) and Strongyloides stercoralis (2). Parasitic diseases were most often concomitant with: cholecystitis (23 patients), and duodenal ulcer (15). The results of biochemical tests most frequently showed abnormal values of haemoglobin (31,3% of all parasitoses), elevated lipase values (28.8%), eosinophilia (22,2%). Hypoacidity was observed in 48,3% of cases and the positive bile culture results in 28,8%

GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITOSES IN PATIENTS TREATED IN THE CLINIC OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AT THE MEDICAL ACADEMY AND THE CLINICAL WARD AT THE INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL MEDICINE IN LUBLIN, IN THE PERIOD 1981

Gastroenteric parasites were found in 118 patients, which made up 1,1 % of the total number of patients. This number included 62 men and 50 women aged 17-74, 41 on average. The most frequent parasite was Giardia intestinalis. It was found in 82 patients, which constituted 0,78% of the total number of patients and 69,5% of patients infected by parasites. Trichuris trichiura was diagnosed in 16 patients, which made up 0,150% of the total number of patients and 13,4% of the cases of parasitoses. Ascariosis and oxyuriosis were observed in 8 and 7 patients, respectively. The most rarely found parasites were Taeniarhynchus saginatus (3 patients) and Strongyloides stercoralis (2). Parasitic diseases were most often concomitant with: cholecystitis (23 patients), and duodenal ulcer (15). The results of biochemical tests most frequently showed abnormal values of haemoglobin (31,3% of all parasitoses), elevated lipase values (28.8%), eosinophilia (22,2%). Hypoacidity was observed in 48,3% of cases and the positive bile culture results in 28,8%

Iz kazuistiki strongiloidoza

Because of strongyloidosis two patients still living in Poland and one foreigner were treated. Diagnose has been based on the Fillleborn agar culture but behaviour of the parasite and its larvae during treatment was controlled with Baermann method in addition. During treatment telmid has been administered for two patients but thiabendazol (mintezol) for the third. The effectiveness of therapy has been controlled using the methods mentioned above after the first and the sixth month from the date of cure ending. There has been obtained the permanent therapeutical effect

Right atrium mobile thrombi detected by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a patient with acute pulmonary embolism - a case report

U 73-letniego pacjenta z objawami zatorowości płucnej stwierdzono ruchome skrzepliny w prawym przedsionku. Obecność skrzeplin uwidoczniło szybko wykonane przezklatkowe badanie echokardiograficzne. W leczeniu zastosowano skuteczne leczenie trombolityczne.A case of right atrium mobile thrombi (RAMT) in a 73-year-old male patient with acute pulmonary embolism is presented. Immediately performed TTE allowed identification of thrombi in the right atrium, and the administration of successful thrombolitic therapy as soon as possible