Programmable heralded linear optical generation of two-qubit states

We have investigated the heralded generation of two-qubit dual-rail-encoded states by programmable linear optics. Two types of schemes generating the states from four single photons, which is the minimal possible to accomplish the task, have been considered. The schemes have different detection patterns heralding successful generation events, namely, one-mode heralding, in which the two auxiliary photons are detected in one mode, and two-mode heralding, in which single photons are detected in each of the two modes simultaneously. We have shown that the dependence of the schemes' success probabilities on the target state's degree of entanglement are essentially different. In particular, one-mode heralding yields better efficiency for highly-entangled states, if the programmable interferometers can explore the full space of the unitary transfer matrices,. It is reversed in case of weakly-entangled states where two-mode heralding is better. We have found a minimal decomposition of the scheme with two-mode heralding that is programmed by one variable phase shift. We infer that the linear optical schemes designed specifically for generation of two-qubit states are more efficient than schemes implementing gate-based circuits with known two-qubit linear optical gates. Our results yield substantial reduction of physical resources needed to generate two-qubit dual-rail-encoded photonic states

Stationary and coherent spectroscopy of 167

We have conducted a spectroscopic investigation of 167Er3+ ions in optical waveguides on an optical transition between the hyperfine sublevels of 4I15/2 and 4I9/2 multiplets. Waveguides with diameters ranging from 20 to 100 µm were produced in the crystal by a femtosecond laser using the depressed-cladding approach. The spectroscopy results of 167Er3+ ions inside the waveguides show additional broadening and an overall shifts of the spectra compared to the bulk spectrum of ions. The sign of the observed frequency shift depends on the diameter of the specific waveguide. We have also observed a two-pulse photon echo in several waveguides. The acquired results show the possibility for integrated quantum schemes in rare-earth ions doped crystals

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Multimode entangled states in coupled optical parametric interactions and their applications in teleportation

La thèse est consacrée au développement de la théorie quantique de l’intrication et de la statistique non classique des champs optiques multimodaux dans les interactions paramétriques. Nous étudions également des applications de ce type de champs dans les schémas de l’information quantique. Nous considérons deux types d’interactions paramétriques, appelées concurrents et consécutifs, entre cinq modes du champ électromagnétique avec des fréquences différentes. Le premier type d’interaction est le processus de conversion de fréquence connu comme « parametric down-conversion » accompagné par « parametric up-conversion » : [Oméga]p=[Oméga]1+[Oméga]2, 2[Oméga]p=[Oméga]2+[Oméga]3, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]1=[Oméga]3. Nous démontrons que ces deux processus concurrent produisent une intrication de trois modes du champ électromagnétique avec les trois fréquences différentes. Nous trouvons les conditions optimales pour la création de ce type d’intrication. Le deuxième processus considéré dans la thèse est celle du « parametric down-conversion » accompagné par deux « parametric up-conversion » : [Oméga]p=[Oméga]1+[Oméga]2, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]1=[Oméga]3, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]2=[Oméga]4. Nous avons trouvé l’intrication entres les deux modes de basses fréquences [Oméga]1 et [Oméga]2 et les deux modes de hautes fréquences [Oméga]3 et [Oméga]4 . En appliquant le critère basé sur les valeurs symplectiques nous avons quantifié ce type d’intrication. Nous avons étudié des propriétés de champs avec plusieurs modes spatiaux dans les deux configurations de l’imagerie quantiques : le champ proche et le champ lointain. Dans les deux cas nous avons calculé le rapport signal à bruits et étudié son comportement en fonction des paramètres physiques. Nous avons également proposé et étudié un schéma pour téléportation des images optiques classiques et non classiques (intriquées). Nous avons évalué la fidélité de téléportation en fonction des paramètres de notre système tels que la taille de pixel dans la caméra de détection et la longueur de cohérence de l’émission paramétrique.The main goal of the thesis is to elaborate the quantum properties, such as entanglement and quantum statistics, of multi-frequency fields, both spatial single-mode and multimode, generated in coupled parametric wave interactions and consider some applications of these fields in quantum information schemes. In the thesis two coupled (also named as concurrent or consecutive) parametric interactions involving modes of five frequencies are considered. The first interactions are two parametric down-conversion processes accompanied by the up-conversion process: [Oméga]p=[Oméga]1+[Oméga]2, 2[Oméga]p=[Oméga]2+[Oméga]3, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]1=[Oméga]3. It has been shown that the resulting three-frequency optical field is in a three mode entangled state. We formulate the optimal conditions for creation of such type of entanglement. The other coupled interactions comprise one parametric down-conversion process with two up-conversion ones: [Oméga]p=[Oméga]1+[Oméga]2, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]1=[Oméga]3, [Oméga]p+[Oméga]2=[Oméga]4. The entanglement analysis, carried out for these interactions, suggests that the modes with frequencies [Oméga]1 and [Oméga]2 low-frequency modes) along with modes with frequencies [Oméga]3 and [Oméga]4 (high-frequency modes) exhibit two-mode entanglement. Moreover, the symplectic eigenvalue criterion has shown the presence of block entanglement between low-frequency and high-frequency modes. The properties of the spatially multimode fields, generated in the second type of interaction, were investigated for two configurations of quantum imaging schemes: the near-field and the far-field. For both configurations the signal-to-noise ratio and entanglement properties of the generated images have been studied in detail. The schemes for teleportation of entangled spatial single-mode states and entangled images using auxiliary quantum states obtained in the second interactions are proposed and thoroughly analyzed. The teleportation quality in dependence on the amount of entanglement in auxiliary fields and the states to be teleported has been studied. For the images teleportation scheme the influence of the detectors pixel size on the quality of teleportation has been analyzed

Stationary and coherent spectroscopy of

We have conducted a spectroscopic investigation of 167Er3+ ions in optical waveguides on an optical transition between the hyperfine sublevels of 4I15/2 and 4I9/2 multiplets. Waveguides with diameters ranging from 20 to 100 µm were produced in the crystal by a femtosecond laser using the depressed-cladding approach. The spectroscopy results of 167Er3+ ions inside the waveguides show additional broadening and an overall shifts of the spectra compared to the bulk spectrum of ions. The sign of the observed frequency shift depends on the diameter of the specific waveguide. We have also observed a two-pulse photon echo in several waveguides. The acquired results show the possibility for integrated quantum schemes in rare-earth ions doped crystals

Stationary and coherent spectroscopy of 167Er3+ in waveguides in 7LiYF4 crystal

We have conducted a spectroscopic investigation of 167Er3+ ions in optical waveguides on an optical transition between the hyperfine sublevels of 4I15/2 and 4I9/2 multiplets. Waveguides with diameters ranging from 20 to 100 µm were produced in the crystal by a femtosecond laser using the depressed-cladding approach. The spectroscopy results of 167Er3+ ions inside the waveguides show additional broadening and an overall shifts of the spectra compared to the bulk spectrum of ions. The sign of the observed frequency shift depends on the diameter of the specific waveguide. We have also observed a two-pulse photon echo in several waveguides. The acquired results show the possibility for integrated quantum schemes in rare-earth ions doped crystals