Analysis of cellular heterogeneity in breast cancer by single cell sequencing

Breast cancer is a complex heterogenous 3D ecosystem. The heterogenous composition of breast cancer determines disease progression and treatment responses. Triple receptor negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct subtype with poor clinical outcomes. Deconvolution of spatially-regulated transcriptomic and microenvironmental drivers unique to TNBC offers the potential to reveal new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomic technologies were applied to three treatment naive patient-derived breast cancer samples. New spatial transcriptomic and scRNA-seq experimental pipelines were established. The new technologies were successfully applied to clinical grade biopsy samples. Cellular heterogeneity within the epithelial and non-epithelial compartment was identified across the three samples. The heterogeneity identified is consistent with the published literature. Knowledge in the theoretical underpinnings for scRNA-seq analysis along with the skills required for data analysis in a small patient cohort were acquired during the DPhil. The application of algebraic topology, manifold learning and graph theory in evaluating and interpreting scRNA-seq has been studied. The computational tools available for integrating spatial transcriptomics and scRNA-seq data were critically appraised. Future perspectives on approachesfor multimodal integration were explored

Investigation Epidemiological and Immunological Variable (IL-6) Resulting from Infection with Hydatid Cysts in Al-Najaf Hospitals: Case Control Study

Background: Human echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a species of medical importance, the Echinococcus granulosus, an etiological agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE) .    Material and methods: A radiological examination will be performed for these patients to diagnose Echinococcus granulosus parasite by find echinococcal cysts. All of these patients were involved  in this study and   during the period   starting from October 2023 to the end of January 2024, from all ages of patient from both sex (Males and Females  At Al-Sader Medical City, AL-Hakeem General Hospital, AL-Haidarya general Hospital and Al-Hayat Hospital. Results: The mean level of IL-6 in patients is 181.22 pg/ml, which is significantly higher than the mean level of 25.7 pg/ml in controls (p-value < 0.001). This suggests that patients have elevated IL-6 levels compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion: The prevalence of hydatid disease in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf in this study was 33%. There is evidence that individual differences in cytokine (Interleukin-6)  levels may affect development or susceptibility to disease

Dealing with difficult days: functional coping dynamics in self-harm ideation and enactment

Background: Self-harm affords people a means of coping. However, little is known about how functional coping dynamics differ between stressful situations in which people self-harm (enactment), think about harming (ideation), or experience no self-harmful thoughts or behaviours. Methods: Participants (N = 1,157) aged 16 − 49 years (M = 18.21, SD = 3.24) with a recent history of self-harm (past 3 months) reported how they coped in response to their most significant recent stressor (3 months). Results: Almost 40% of participants, all of whom had self-harmed in the last 3 months, had no self-harm experience (thoughts or behaviours) in response to their most significant stressor in that timeframe. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for symptoms of depression and anxiety, reappraisal coping was predictive of self-harm thoughts. Approach, emotion regulation and reappraisal coping were predictive of self-harm behaviour. Emotion regulation coping differentiated self-harm ideation and enactment groups. Limitations: The cross-sectional design of the study precludes the ability to make inferences regarding causality. Further, there is no agreed definition of ‘recent’ self-harm. Conclusions: Taken together, the findings suggest that functional coping dynamics may be differentially associated with self-harm ideation and enactment. This is important, given that understanding the transitions between ideation and enactment has been identified as a critical frontier in suicide prevention. Further, results indicate that seemingly innocuous events may have a profound impact as a tipping point for enaction; this has implications for clinical practice, including the co-production of safety plans

A Study on Synthesis of Zeolite and Removal of Amido Black dye by adsorption with Zeolite

Investigations have been undertaken to determine whether cheap, commercially available materials (natural zeolite and bentonite) hold promise in the treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry. The initial findings indicate that zeolite synthesized from fly ash has high adsorptive capacity for dyes and it is relatively cheap. The adsorption of two basic dyes (Amido Black and Thionine) onto granular activated carbon as well as zeolite from fly ash and bentonite has to be studied as single equilibrium isotherms. The effectiveness of each adsorbent has to be measured in terms of its adsorption capacity towards individual constituents of the effluent. The adsorption isotherm would be described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The parameters in the adsorption isotherms will be estimated from the experimental equilibrium data using non-linear regression analysis. Using these data, the selection of the best adsorbent can be done for design purposes. Keywords: Natural Zeolite, bentonite, Amido Black, Thionine, Langmuir, Freundlich, granular activated carbo

Evaluating the Role of Interleukin-9 in Cholelithiasis patients and Determine Prevalence of Fasiola Hepatica among these Patients

Background : Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection typically caused by Fasciola hepatica, which is also known as “the common liver fluke” or “the sheep liver fluke. People usually become infected by eating raw watercress or other water plants contaminated with immature parasite larvae. Aim of study: To determining the epidemiological prevalence of Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in patients suffering from gallstones and  assessment of serum concentrations of immunological marker IL-9 in these patients and control groups by ELISA technique. Methodology: Case control study design, included 140 participants, 70 of them included as cases (suffered from Cholelithiasis), and 70 of them included as controls. History of the study was from beginning of October 2023 to end of January 2024, all participants were attending to Al-Sader Medical City/Digestive System Unit, Al-Hakeem Hospital and Al-Haidarya  Hospital. Two samples (stool and 5 ml serum) were taken from each participant for microscopic detection of F.hepatica and for measure some immune parameters by ELISA, respectively. Results: It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between patients with liver fluke (fasciola hepatica), where the percentage of patients with liver fluke (f. hepatica) was 10%. Only 90% of participants suffering from gallstones were negative for this parasite. There was statistically significant (p-value= 0.0001), increase in mean concentration of the parameter (IL-9,) between the two groups of patients (105.62±38.22 pg/ml, ml) and the control (38.86±10.1pg/ml,) respectively. And there was a known increase in the mean concentration of immune parameters in the serum of patients infected with the parasite (, IL-9: 193.79±13.59 pg/ml,) compared to their concentration in patients not infected with the parasite. Conclusions: Only 10% of 90% of Cholelithiasis patients in the immediate study were diagnosed positive for F.hepatica parasite. Majority of  risk factor for gallstones disease was obesity in the current study,  57% suffering from obesity. There was increased in study parameters (, IL-9,) significantly in group of cholelithiasis patients other than control group

Communication of café full automat (FA) brands

CEMSThe Business Project with Groupe SEB had as main objective the assessment of KRUPS’ main competitors’ communication in the Czech Republic along with an understanding of the key messages and benefits that consumers wanted to hear and see. Thus, our final output would be a suggestion of a unique communication strategy that would allow KRUPS to capture the market share it desired. This understood, we can say that, summarizing, this Business Project wanted to answer one main question: How should we communicate KRUPS’ new Full Auto coffee machine in the Czech market

Forging a link between bacterial biofilms and drug resistance: an unsolved mystery

Background: Though use of various medical devices as indwelling catheters, cardiac pacemakers, prosthetic heart valves, chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheters, and prosthetic joints has greatly facilitated management of serious illness. Bacterial strategies to colonize and grow as biofilms on these devices are major cause of morbidity among patients receiving prosthesis.Methods: Fifty Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains isolated from the urine samples of catheterized patients were subjected to biofilm detection by Tissue Culture Plate method and MIC of ciprofloxacin was determined against them using broth dilution method.Results: In our study 50 (7.69%) P. aeruginosa isolates were subjected to biofilm screening by TCP. Among 50 isolates, TCP method detected 40 (80.00%) biofilm producers. Out of which 28/50 (56.00%) were high, 12/50 (24.00%) were moderate and 10/50 (20%) were non/weak biofilm producers. MIC for ciprofloxacin was detected for P. aeruginosa strains at various concentrations (0.25ug/ml -8ug/ml). We observed that the MIC range for high biofilm producing P. aeruginosa was between 4- 8ug/ml, whereas for non-biofilm producers MIC range varies from 0.25 to 1ug/ml. Thus, biofilm can pose a threat in patient treatment.Conclusions: The armament of various bacteriostatic or bactericidal agents available to treat infections are restricted to act in planktonic phase and these agents did not take into account the unique biology of bacterial biofilms. Thus, bacteria growing as biofilm communities often result in troublesome complications as persistent infections, which cannot be resolved with standard antibiotic treatments. As, biofilm communities embedded in exopolysaccharide have not been considered until recently, therapeutic strategies to treat them are not available yet

Spate Irrigation: Impact of Climate Change with Specific Reference to Pakistan

Spate irrigation is a unique system of agriculture practiced in the piedmont plains by harvesting of floods received after rainfall in the mountains. This system is practiced in different parts of the world; in Pakistan, it is extensive in the western belt. The system is based on water distribution from head to tail. There are laws for distribution of water, but due to the magnitude of flood, it sometimes retains in the upstream and sometimes finds its way to the river. Agriculture practiced in this system depends on floods, which brings sedimentation, useful in replenishing soil fertility. Soil has the ability to hold moisture for long. The changing climatic pattern has greatly influenced the system both under droughts and floods. Livelihood of the spate farmers depends on agricultural crops and livestock. In either case of the extreme climate, they have to cope with limited options. Changing climatic pattern is responsible for extending the climatic seasons and enhancing the irrationality of floods. Construction of huge dam on the torrential watershed is a great project executed by the government for large floods, overcomes energy crisis, and has potential to irrigate land through canal. This chapter is a brief comprehension of spate irrigation under changing climate with special focus on Pakistan