The New Intelligentsia of 1830\u27s : The University of Helsinki and the 19th-Century Religious Nationalism in Finland (Luukkanen, Tarja-Liisa)

(Proceedings of the Helsinki Conference, 14 th March 2011

Zakres przestrzenny Litwy w wyobrażeniu inteligencji wileńskiej na podstawie analizy "Wladomości Brukowych (1816-1822)"

This article aims to examine the geographical extent of Lithuania in the early 19th century. In the 19th century - from the partitions of the Republic of the Two Nations to the independence of the Republic of Lithuania - the concept of Lithuania drastically changed. Along with it the geographical extent of Lithuania also changed. Current studies of modern Lithuanian history, however, tend to consider 19th-century Lithuania from present viewpoints. The purpose of this article is to show the geographical extent of Lithuania perceived by early 19th-century intellectuals in Vilnius as an example of its geographical and spatial perceptions, which are an important element of the 19th-century understanding of Lithuania

Vilniaus inteligentai ir XIX a. pradžios "Lietuvos" sąvoka: Nenaudėlių draugija (Towarzystwo Szubrawców) ir vietinė visuomenė

Straipsnyje autorė apžvelgia santykius tarp Vilniaus universitetų absolventų, vietinės visuomenės ir liaudies buvusiose Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės žemėse XIX a. pradžioje. Ji pristato vadinamosios Nenaudėlių draugijos veiklą bei jų 1816-1822 m. leistą satyrinį žurnalą „Gatvės žinios" (Wiadomości Brukowe). Šio leidinio straipsnių duomenų pagrindu analizuojami du klausimai: kaip draugijos nariai žiūrėjo į tautą bei visuomeninius sluoksnius ir kaip jie vertino Lietuvos istoriją bei jos liaudies kalbas. Draugijos narių nuomone, visuomenę sudarė ne vien tik ponija, bet ir kitų sluoksnių atstovai. „Nenaudėliai" kritikavo uždarą bajorų tautos sąvoką. Nors jie tikėjo, kad tautai vadovaus bajorai, tačiau pripažino, jog ne-bajorų kilmės žmonės turi teisę įsigyti bajorystę, o liaudis taip pat yra tautos dalis. Pradžioje jie domėjosi Lietuvos istorija bei mitologija, tuo pačiu metu laikydami lietuvišką raštą esant juokingą. Lietuvių tauta turėjo būti Icnkiakalbe visuomene su geromis gyvenimo sąlygomis ir lenkišku išsilavinimu. Tauta būtų daugiakalbė, o aukštoji kultūra - lenkiška. Ši sąvoka aiškiai skiriasi nuo vienu sluoksniu pagrįstos visuomenės idėjos, kuri gyvavo ankstyvesniais naujaisiais amžiais bei vėlyvesnio XIX a. kalbiškai vieningos tautos modelio.Article reconsiders intellectuals around Vilnius University and their relationships with local society and common people in the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the early 19th century. It focuses on the Society of Scoundrels (Towarzystwo Szubrawców,) and its publication "Street News" (Wiadomości Brukowe, 1816-22), a satirical journal criticising various social pathologies. Based on analyses of articles in "Street News", it considers two issues: intellectuals' opinions about the nation (naród in Polish) and the class system, and their attitude towards the history and folk languages of Lithuania

DNA separation by cholesterol-bearing pullulan nanogels

We present an application of a novel DNA separation matrix, cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP) nanogels, for microchip electrophoresis. The solution of the CHP showed a unique phase transition around 30 mg∕ml and formed gel phase over this critical concentration. This gel phase consists of the weak hydrophobic interactions between the cholesterols could be easily deformed by external forces, and thus, loading process of the CHP nanogels into microchannels became easier. The high concentration of the CHP nanogels provided excellent resolutions especially for small DNA fragments from 100 to 1500 bp. The separation mechanism was discussed based on Ogston and Reptation models which had developed in gels or polymer solutions. The result of a single molecule imaging gave us an insight of the separation mechanism and the nanogel structures as well

Measurement of transient flow characteristics of target flow in water experiment for IFMIF

International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is the facility generating the high flux and high energy neutrons to develop fusion reactor materials. In IFMIF, high-speed liquid lithium (Li) jet is used as the target irradiated by deuteron beams. Since the Li jet must flow with high velocity for heat removal, it is important to research on the Li flow characteristics. These researches have been aimed toward the steady-state Li flow characteristics. On the other hand, in the actual IFMIF, it is also necessary to clarify transient flow characteristics at start and stop of the system for the operation. In this study, water experiment to obtain them at start and stop is thus conducted. Water can be substituted for liquid Li as the target, because the kinematic viscosity of the Li at operation temperature in IFMIF is nearly equal to that of water at normal temperature and pressure. Flow patterns of the water jet at test section which consists of a two-staged contraction nozzle, a vertical concave flow channel are observed by laser probe method and high-speed video camera. As a result, the flow pattern at start and stop was successfully observed. The flow at stop became stable by venting gas