Macroarchitectonic peculiarities of long bones in the lower extremity

Сontemporary forensic practice requires evaluation of the influence of long bones macroarchitecture on the mechanics of their destruction in case of blunt injuries, which finally might enhance validity and evidence of expert’s reports. Therefore objective of the study is obtaining new scientific knowledge concerning macroarchitectural characteristics of the major portions of long bones of the lower limbs, detection of their influence on the regularities of destructive processes of bones in case of blunt injuries. 128 cases with fractures of the lower extremity long bones were examined from forensic-medical practical work, removed from male and female bio mannequins aged from 18 to 65 while conducting forensic expertise. The main morphological parameters (circumference, compact osseous tissue thickness, size and square of the medullar canal) characterizing macroarchitectonics of the femoral, tibial and fibular bones are studied. Their importance and role in occurring fractures of the given bones in forensic practical work are indicated. Different portions of the lower limb long bones possess considerable amount of the structural-functional characteristics. The sizes of the medullar canal (in the form of medullar parameter) and its square influence on the formation of fracture the most considerably among macroarchitectural characteristics

The Interpersonal Function of Metatextual Elements in Scientific Writing

The paper is based on the widely accepted idea that the scientific discourse is not merely an exposition of scientific statements by means of a specific genre, but a social activity by which the author builds his/her relationship with the intended audience. Thus, every scientific text contains the elements which go beyond the propositional content comprising the metatextual level. Adopting Vande Kopple's (1985) functional classification of metatextual elements around two functions - textual and interpersonal, we have examined the metatextual elements of the latter function analysing ten research articles from two different sciences - medicine and geology. The examined elements are sub-classified (modality markers, attitudinal markers and commentaries), and systematized according to their formal realization, such as modal auxiliaries, related nouns, adjectives, adverbs, noun phrases etc

LABORATORY CONTROL OF ANTICOAGULANT PROPHYLAXIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

This article examines the effect of anticoagulant prophylaxis on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in women with heart disease. Тhe main mechanisms of formation of side effects from anticoagulant prophylaxis in pregnant women with diseases of the cardiovascular system were studied by means of laboratory research methods,. Have been studied the effects and interaction of different types of anticoagulant prophylaxis and aspirin prophylaxis on primary hemostasis. An algorithm for diagnosing the negative effect of anticoagulants on platelets has been developed. The study examines the possibility of drug correction of the development of side effects from anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis for women with diseases of the cardiovascular system.В этой статье исследуется влияние антикоагулянтной профилактики на беременность, роды и послеродовой период у женщин с сердечными заболеваниями. Лабораторными методами исследований изучены основные механизмы формирования побочных эффектов от антикоагулянтной профилактики у беременных с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы. Были изучены эффекты и взаимодействие различных типов антикоагулянтной профилактики и профилактики аспирином на первичный гемостаз. Разработан алгоритм диагностики негативного действия антикоагулянтов на тромбоциты. В исследовании изучается возможность лекарственной коррекции развития побочных эффектов антикоагулянтной тромбопрофилактики у женщин с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы

CONDITION OF BONE TISSUE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ON THE BACKGROUND OF ANTICOAGULANT PREVENTION

The article presents data on the development of side effects from anticoagulant prophylaxis in pregnant women with diseases of the cardiovascular system. In particular, the anticoagulant effects on the skeletal system. Were studied the features of sonographic examination in this category of patients. The level of the main biomarkers of osteosynthesis and osteoresorption during pregnancy was studied. Were analyzed the influence of anticoagulants on the level of biomarkers of bone metabolism. Has been studied the relationship between densitometry data and calcitonin levels in pregnant women. The main aspects of the formation of osteopenic syndrome and osteoporosis in pregnant women with heart disease are considered. Has been studied the relationship between the clinical manifestations of osteopenic syndrome and the level of biomarkers of bone metabolism. Proposed the drug correction of the development of side effects due to anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis.The article presents data on the development of side effects from anticoagulant prophylaxis in pregnant women with diseases of the cardiovascular system. In particular, the anticoagulant effects on the skeletal system. Were studied the features of sonographic examination in this category of patients. The level of the main biomarkers of osteosynthesis and osteoresorption during pregnancy was studied. Were analyzed the influence of anticoagulants on the level of biomarkers of bone metabolism. Has been studied the relationship between densitometry data and calcitonin levels in pregnant women. The main aspects of the formation of osteopenic syndrome and osteoporosis in pregnant women with heart disease are considered. Has been studied the relationship between the clinical manifestations of osteopenic syndrome and the level of biomarkers of bone metabolism. Proposed the drug correction of the development of side effects due to anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis

Sorry vs please, accept my apologies: teaching politeness explicitly to first grade high school students

Tesis (Profesor de Inglés para la Enseñanza Básica y Media y al grado académico de Licenciado en Educación)The purpose of this project is to determine how can we help students to develop a more native-like performance. Since Chile has an English Program oriented and based on the communicative approach, teaching pragmatics is something which is not considered in the educational curricula and also there is a limited provision of materials given by the Ministry of Education. For the aforementioned reason, the students of the first-grade high school in a bilingual school were subjects of an intervention that was carried out during four pragmatic lessons in order to analyze the impacts that teaching Pragmatic Competence (PC) in an explicit way has, considering also the self-perception about their skills to communicate themselves using the English language before and after the treatment. To conduct this project a mixed method approach was selected as it gave us the opportunity of combining quantitative and qualitative instruments in order to obtain better and more precise results. The aim of this project is to contribute in a field which currently is not studied deeply; despite the studies that already exist is not common to make an analysis on pragmatics. Most of the students are confident in terms of language proficiency, the majority of the participants evaluated themselves better in receptive than productive skills. In terms of sociopragmatic competence, there was not a statistically significant improvement. However, requests showed a more native-like performance. Regarding pragmalinguistic competence, strategies in the post-test were better applied than in the pre-test. In light of the results obtained in this study, there are some implications that can be recommended for different areas. Mainly, this study has a huge influence in terms of national education policies. Keywords: pragmatic, sociopragmatic, pragmalinguistic, speech acts, teaching pragmatics, pragmatic strategies.El propósito de este proyecto es determinar cómo podemos ayudar a los estudiantes a desarrollar un rendimiento más natural al hablar en inglés. Debido a que en Chile se aplica un programa de inglés orientado y basado en el enfoque comunicativo, la enseñanza de la pragmática es algo que no se considera en los programas educacionales ni tampoco en los materiales entregados por el Ministerio de Educación. Por esta razón, estudiantes de primero medio de una escuela bilingüe fueron sujetos de una intervención que se desarrolló durante cuatro lecciones con el fin de analizar los impactos que tiene enseñar una competencia en pragmática de manera explícita, considerando además la percepción propia acerca de sus habilidades para comunicarse usando el inglés, antes y después del experimento. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto se seleccionó un enfoque de método mixto, que nos dio la oportunidad de combinar instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos para obtener resultados mejores y más precisos. El objetivo de este proyecto es contribuir en un campo que actualmente no se estudia profundamente; a pesar de los estudios que ya existen no es común hacer un análisis de la pragmática. La mayoría de los estudiantes se sienten bastante seguros en términos de su nivel de inglés. Muchos de ellos se evaluaron mejor en las habilidades receptivas que en las productivas. En términos de competencia sociopragmática no hubo una mejora significativa. Sin embargo, en la parte de petición, los alumnos mostraron respuestas más nativas. En relación con las estrategias de pragmalingüística, en el post-test, fueron mejor utilizadas que en el pre-test. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio tienen implicaciones que pueden ser recomendadas para diferentes áreas. Principalmente, este estudio tiene una gran influencia en términos de políticas nacionales educacionales