Inclusion of pedagogical universities in international subject rankings: Problems and prospects

The present study actualizes the problem of internationalization of Russian pedagogical education, the solution to which will ensure the “recognition of universities” in the global education market and the entry of Russian and Chinese universities into the international educational market. We associate the solution to this problem with the digitalization of education, the internationalization of the national system of higher education, organization of worldclass research, participation in projects, programs and international professional associations. The study used the method of analysis of open sources of data, a survey of experts (working at the Higher School of Economics (HSE), Kazan Federal University (KFU)) and the method of semi-structured interviews. The empirical basis of the study was the analysis of data from the international rankings Quacquarelli Symonds World University Rankings (QS), Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE) (including the subject ranking “Education”) and the Moscow International Ranking “Three University Missions” (MosIUR). In the experimental activities, the results of the monitoring study of the participation of Russian universities in MosIUR that have the required validity and are an adequate tool for scientific assessment of changes were used. The study identified and confirmed that international rankings use different source bases for similar indicators. In the TNE ranking, the assessment of the citation of scientific works is carried out according to the international scientometric database Web of Science, while the QS ranking uses the citation index of scientific publications of teachers from the scientometric database Scopus. A monitoring study of the effectiveness of the participation of Russian universities in the MosIUR ranking for 2018–2020 shows the high activity of universities. The analysis of strategies and programs for the development of pedagogical universities included in the MosIUR ranking showed the orientation of universities to solve intra-sectoral problems and consider regional specifics. It has been established that, for pedagogical universities, it is becoming significant to reorient from institutional rankings to subject and branch ones, which measure the international reputation of an educational institution in a particular subject branch. The results of a monitoring study in 2017–2021 showed a low probability of achieving indicators of international rankings ARWU, THE, QS (including the subject ranking “Education”) for Russian pedagogical universities. The most promising for pedagogical universities may be the Moscow International Ranking “Three University Missions”, as well as the use of the experience of leading research universities of the TOP 5–100 project, which occupy high ranks in international rankings – HSE (QS subject ranking “Education”) and KFU (THE, subject ranking “Education”)

Cellulose Acetate Sulfate as a Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyelectrolyte: Synthesis, Properties, and Application

The optimal conditions of cellulose acetate sulfate (CAS) homogeneous synthesis with the yield of 94–98 wt.% have been determined. CAS was confirmed to have an even distribution of functional groups along the polymer chain. The polymer was characterized by an exceptionally high water solubility (up to 70 wt.%). The isothermal diagrams of its solubility in water-alcohol media have been obtained. CAS aqueous solutions stability, electrolytic, thermal, and viscous properties have been defined. The main hydrodynamic characteristics such as intrinsic viscosity, Huggins constant, and crossover concentration have been evaluated. The parameters of polymer chain thermodynamic rigidity have been calculated. The formation of liquid crystalline structures in concentrated CAS solutions has been confirmed. CAS was recommended to be used as a binder for the medicinal forms of activated carbon and carbon sorbent for water treatment, hydrophilic ointment foundation

Cartographic interpretation of chemical and radiation contamination of Russian soils

At the end of the 20th century, a geoinformation database on soil degradation in Russia, relied on the soil map of Russia at a scale of 1 : 5 million, was developed under the leadership of V.S. Stolbovoy. As part of the development of this problem and in the course of obtaining new information on soil degradation, an attempt was made to refine and supplement this database, that relies on the soil map of the Russian Federation 1 : 2.5 million scale. Soil degradation resulted from the impact of various types of pollution was taken into account, including industrial emissions, leakage of oil products, excessive application of pesticides, the impact of vehicles and radiation pollution. Each soil polygon of the soil map exposed to the pollution was characterized by the degree and area of pollution in accordance with the developed scales. The results of the analysis were used to construct cartograms illustrating the spatial distribution of chemical and radiation degradation of the country soils. According to the data obtained, in the zone of pollution derived from industrial enterprises and oil pollution, 20% of the soil-geographic polygons of the map are characterized by a strong degree of pollution, and 30% and 50% – by weak and medium, respectively. Agricultural pollution due to excessive use of plant protection products in Russia does not exceed 10% of the area of polygons and is characterized by a low degree. About 10% of the soil polygons of the basic soil map are heavily contaminated with radioactive contamination, while 40% and 50% of the polygons are moderately and weakly contaminated, respectively. Pollution from vehicles is weak and generally has low level. At the same time, megacities and highways with heavy traffic are distinguished by relatively high level of pollution

Current status of the problem of cardiovascular diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod region: possible ways to reduce mortality

The article considers the urgent problem of combating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the Nizhny Novgorod region, including the high prevalence of CVDs and the timely identification of risk factors. The changes in mortality from all and individual causes was analyzed. Attention was paid to the negative impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the health of people suffering from noncommunicable diseases. We also described the necessity to improve healthcare efficiency for CVD patients by improving the complex of managerial and preventive measures

Soil orders and their areas on the updated soil map of the Russian Federation, 1 : 2.5 M scale

An analysis of the soil cover of Russia as presented on the soil map on a scale of 1 : 2.5 M with the use of a new substantive-genetic soil classification system has been performed at the level of soil orders. The high level of classification-based generalization makes it possible to assess the most general patterns of soil geography and soil resources and to identify changes that have occurred as a result of renaming of each polygon on the map with the use of the new classification. The areas occupied by soil orders have been calculated. In total, there are 24 soil orders on the new map, including 21 orders of natural soils and 3 orders (agrozems, turfzems, stratozems) of anthropogenically transformed soils. Soils of the orders of agro-abrazems, chernozems, and turbozems are not presented on the map. As on most small-scale soil maps of Russia, the zonal regularities of the soil cover in the East European Plain and high lithogenic mosaicity in Central and Eastern Siberia are clearly seen. The new map includes soil orders that were absent on the initial map: cryozems, cryometamorphic and hydrometamorphic soils, lithozems, cryoabrazems, cryoturbozems, urbostratozems, and organo-accumulative soils. Soils characteristic of humid conditions predominate: Al-Fe-humus soils (Podzols) (319.2 M ha, or 19% of the land fund of Russia), gley soils (Gleysols) (223.9 M ha, 13%), texture-differentiated soils (Luvisols and Regosols) (190.8 M ha, 11%), and peat soils (Histosols) (143.5 M ha, 8%) and occupy more than a half of the territory of Russia. The area of humus-accumulative soils most suitable for arable use is 103.6 M ha (6%). Considerable areas are occupied by soils of the orders of cryozems (Turbic Cryosols) (111.4 M ha), iron-metamorphic soils (Chromic Cambisols) (92.7 M ha), structure-metamorphic soils (Cambisols) (47.3 M ha), pale-metamorphic soils (Cambic Cryosols) (12.8 M ha), hydrometamorphic soils (Calcic Gleysols) (4.3 M ha), and cryometamorphic soils (Cambisols Gelic) (3.4 M ha), which corresponds to the vast continental territory of Russia with balanced moisture conditions. Separate place belongs to the soils with strict limitations for use (lithosols (Leptosols), weakly developed soils (Regosols, Nudilithic Leptosols)) but playing important biospheric functions and requiring special protection

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESENTATION AND CONSUMER CONTAINER OF ANTI-RABIES IMMUNOGLOBULIN OBTAINED FROM HORSE SERUM

We presented the data concerning optimization of presentation and consumer container of anti-rabies immunoglobulin obtained, from horse serum.. During the experiments, ampoules and. flasks were used for primary packaging. They were filled within 5 ml of the preparation of freeze-drying. Comparative analysis of physical, chemical and. biological properties and. molecular parameters of freeze-dried and initial forms of the immunoglobulin. was carried out. Freeze-drying was demonstrated to promote stabilization of its properties and. prevent emergence of fragments and. aggregates during anti-rabies immunoglobulin storage

Возможности электромиографии в прогнозировании восстановления при идиопатической нейропатии лицевого нерва

In the article we present the results of the retrospective clinico-electrophysiological analysis of 182 patients suffering from the idiopathic neuropathy of the facial nerve (Bell`s palsy). The comparison of the most common electromyographical (ENMG) predictors of outcomes was made. It was demonstrated that the most sensitive method in the acutest period (less then 5 days) is the level of excitability of the nerve, in the acute period (less then 14 days) – estimation of M-answer amplitude loss, and from the 21st day – the presence of denervation in muscles. The most specific electromyographical approach to estimate the therapy efficiency is an analysis of the M-answer amplitude and latency. In conclusion, neurologists have the possibility to predict the outcome and to control the therapy efficiency in any period of the disease. The correlation dynamics ÈNMG sensitivity settings – NLN on different dates can be used to determine the volume of ÈNMG – the NLN study depending on the timing for the treatment of patients.Представлены результаты ретроспективного клинико-электромиографического (ЭНМГ) анализа 182 пациентов с идиопатической нейропатией лицевого нерва (НЛН). Проведено сравнение наиболее часто исследуемых ЭНМГ-параметров для определения благоприятного и неблагоприятного прогнозов восстановления. Выявлено, что наиболее чувствительным ЭНМГ-параметром в острейшем периоде (до 5 дней) НЛН является определение порога вызывания моторного ответа и исследование мигательного рефлекса; в остром периоде (от 10 до 14 дней) – измерение процентного соотношения падения амплитуды М-ответа пораженной стороны по отношению к здоровой; начиная с 21 дня – наличие неврогенных изменений в мышцах. На основании полученных данных предлагается наиболее оптимальный объем ЭНМГ-исследования при идиопатической НЛН на разных сроках заболевания

Получение гидратцеллюлозных волокон из растворов целлюлозы в ортофосфорной кислоте

Novel technology for regenerated cellulose fiber production from cellulose solutions in orthophosphoric acid has been developed. These solutions are found to be suitable for regenerated cellulose fiber spinning with the following physical and mechanical properties of fibers: strength, 22-30 cN/tex; elongation, 20-10%; elastic modulus, 600-1200 cN/tex. The fibres thus obtained are highly hydrophilic (hygroscopicity is about 10-18%). The samples of nonwoven fabric based on new regenerated cellulose fiber have been made by needlepunching technique. The technology has been scaled up to pilot plant machine with the capacity of 3000 kg per year.Разработана новая бессероуглеродная технология получения гидратцеллюлозных волокон из растворов целлюлозы в ортофосфорной кислоте. Эти растворы оказались пригодными для формования гидратцеллю-лозных волокон с прочностью 22-30 сН/текс, удлинением 20-10%, модулем упругости 600-1200 сН/текс при сохранении высокой степени гидрофильности (гигроскопичность 10-18%). Из нового гидратцеллюлозного волокна изготовлены образцы нетканых материалов иглопробивным способом скрепления. Технология прошла масштабирование до опытно-промышленного производства мощностью 3000 кг волокна в год