107 research outputs found

    Needs Assessment in Postgraduate Medical Education:A Review

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    Although the concept of needs assessment in continuing medical education is well accepted, there is limited information on needs assessment in postgraduate medical education. We discuss the learning needs of postgraduate trainees and review the various methods of needs assessment such as: questionnaire surveys, interviews, focus groups, chart audits, chart-stimulated recall, standardized patients, and environmental scans in the context of post graduate medical education

    On R^G-Homeomorphisms in Topological Spaces.

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    This paper deals with r^g open and closed maps. Also we introduce a new class of maps namely r^g* - homeomorphism which form a subclass of r^g - homeomorphism

    Pain in Children: Assessment and Nonpharmacological Management

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    Pain perception in children is complex, and is often difficult to assess. In addition, pain management in children is not always optimized in various healthcare settings, including emergency departments. A review of pain assessment scales that can be used in children across all ages, and a discussion of the importance of pain in control and distraction techniques during painful procedures are presented. Age specific nonpharmacological interventions used to manage pain in children are most effective when adapted to the developmental level of the child. Distraction techniques are often provided by nurses, parents or child life specialists and help in pain alleviation during procedures

    Continuing medical education as a national strategy to improve access to primary care in Saudi Arabia

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    The purpose of this study was to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an educational program in family medicine for general practitioners in Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2011. A continuing medical education program called Family Medicine Education (FAME) was developed with 7 modules each consisting of 12-14 hours of teaching to be delivered in 3 day blocks, over 45 days. Twenty percent (2,761) of all general practitioners participated in the FAME program. Initial assessment of the program showed significant improvement of knowledge from scores of 49% on a pre-test to 89% on post-tests. FAME program in Saudi Arabia facilitated primary care physicians’ knowledge

    Scaling analysis for the investigation of slip mechanisms in nanofluids

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    The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of slip mechanisms in nanofluids through scaling analysis. The role of nanoparticle slip mechanisms in both water- and ethylene glycol-based nanofluids is analyzed by considering shape, size, concentration, and temperature of the nanoparticles. From the scaling analysis, it is found that all of the slip mechanisms are dominant in particles of cylindrical shape as compared to that of spherical and sheet particles. The magnitudes of slip mechanisms are found to be higher for particles of size between 10 and 80 nm. The Brownian force is found to dominate in smaller particles below 10 nm and also at smaller volume fraction. However, the drag force is found to dominate in smaller particles below 10 nm and at higher volume fraction. The effect of thermophoresis and Magnus forces is found to increase with the particle size and concentration. In terms of time scales, the Brownian and gravity forces act considerably over a longer duration than the other forces. For copper-water-based nanofluid, the effective contribution of slip mechanisms leads to a heat transfer augmentation which is approximately 36% over that of the base fluid. The drag and gravity forces tend to reduce the Nusselt number of the nanofluid while the other forces tend to enhance it

    Teaching Residents to Teach: Do Program Directors and Trainees Agree on Format and Content?

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    Background: Despite the important number of teaching-skills programs described in the literature, previous needs assessment of such curricula have examined primarily residents’ perceived learning needs in this field. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal content and format of a resident teaching-skills training curriculum and compare the perspective of medical students (MS), residents and residency program directors (PD).Methods: This needs assessment was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Online or printed questionnaires were used to assess the preferred format and content for this curriculum among MS, residents from most postgraduate medical training programs, and PD from Faculté de médecine de l’Université Laval. Results: The questionnaires were completed by 26 PD (response rate 72.2%), 146 residents (response rate 21.9%) and 154 MS (response rate 15.7%). Among the list of potential subjects that could be included in the curriculum, Learning styles, Working with students in difficulty and Self-directed learning were scored high by both residents and PD. MS favored Learning styles, Teaching in the ambulatory care setting, Teaching health promotion and prevention, Teaching with time constraints and Direct supervision strategies. PD also favored Teaching conflict management and Teaching professionalism, however these were both among the residents’ lower scores. The preferred formats were One half-day, One day and Online learning for PD and One day, Two consecutive days and A few one-day sessions over several months for residents. Conclusion: The PD and MS perception of the optimal format and content for residents’ teaching-skills training showed some discrepancies when compared with residents’ preferences. Since PD are largely involved in curriculum development for their respective specialties and since MS are also well positioned to assess residents’ teaching performance, we suggest that PD, residents and MS should all be consulted locally before organizing any intervention for teaching curricula

    Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on Weight Gain in Children

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    Introduction ‘Failure to thrive’ is considered to be an indication for adenotonsillectomy in children. There is contrasting evidence regarding weight gain in children following adenotonsillectomy. The objective of this study is to evaluate weight change post adenotonsillectomy. Materials and Methods A prospective study conducted on 45 children of age between 5 to 15 years, who underwent adenotonsillectomy in our hospital. Weight is calculated at three different period i.e. preoperative, postoperatively at 3 and 6 months and compared with standard Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) weight for age. Results Out of 45 children 62.2% were less than 10 years of age with a male preponderance of 60%. 55.6% had normal birth weight. Preoperatively the average weight of the participants was 25.69 kg when compared to IAP normal weight for age which was 29.67 kg. Postoperatively at 6 months it was 28.19 kg as opposed to the expected weight of 31.88 kg. Conclusion The weight gain post adeno-tonsillectomy failed to meet the expected IAP value and was below the expected value. Hence there was no significant weight change following adenotonsillectomy

    Structured sedation programs in the emergency department, hospital and other acute settings: protocol for systematic review of effects and events.

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    BACKGROUND: The use of procedural sedation outside the operating theatre has increased in hospital settings and has gained popularity among non-anesthesiologists. Sedative agents used for procedural pain, although effective, also pose significant risks to the patient if used incorrectly. There is currently no universally accepted program of education for practitioners using or introducing procedural sedation into their practice. There is emerging literature identifying structured procedural sedation programs (PSPs) as a method of ensuring a standardized level of competency among staff and reducing risks to the patient. We hypothesize that programs of education for healthcare professionals using procedural sedation outside the operating theatre are beneficial in improving patient care, safety, practitioner competence and reducing adverse event rates. METHODS: Electronic databases will be systematically searched for studies (randomized and non-randomized) examining the effectiveness of structured PSPs from 1966 to present. Database searches will be supplemented by contact with experts, reference and citation checking, and a grey literature search. No language restriction will be imposed. Screening of titles and abstracts, and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. All disagreements will be resolved by discussion with an independent third party. Data analysis will be completed adhering to procedures outlined in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. If the data allows, a meta-analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION: This review will cohere evidence on the effectiveness of structured PSPs on sedation events and patient outcomes within the hospital and other acute care settings. In addition, it will examine key components identified within a PSP associated with patient safety and improved patient outcomes.Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42013003851

    Role of Quercetin in chemoprevention against wide range of carcinogens and mutagens

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    Quercetin is a ubiquitous plant flavoniod with significant pharmacological and clinical activity. In this study we determined to demonstrate the protective role of quercetin against range of mutagens and carcinogens in a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies via different mechanisms. Quercetin demonstrated significant protective role against sodium azide, benzo(a)pyrene, cyclophosphamide monohydrate, methyl methane sulphonate and etoposide compared to other mutagens. Quercetin is effective in both in vitro and in vivo test conditions and also in the presence as well as in the absence of metabolic activation system (Rat liver S9).  Auto oxidation, antioxidant properties, inhibition of pro-mutagens metabolism by CYP1A activity and multiple antimutagenic and adaptive response, mechanisms of quercetin may account for its protective role in cancer prevention. In conclusion, the results clearly indicate that quercetin plays a significant role against mutagens that act by direct DNA binding (form DNA adducts), pro-mutagens and alkylating agents with free radical generation; which could be the rationale for its potent anticancer activity against particular cancer types
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